obesity case study

| | | |Males: Calories Expended for Body Function(6.27 x weight in lbs.) + (12.68 x height in inches) - (6.76 x age) + 66| |

The purpose of this lab is to gain knowledge and understanding of the scientific principle of RER, using indirect calorimetry to measure caloric expenditure, including the caloric equivalent and to understand the concepts behind estimating oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure from heart rate, including the limitations. In addition the purpose was to learn skills of how to measure and graph the linear relationship between heart rate and VO2 and then determine the regression equation line and to estimate the caloric expenditure from VO2, heart rate, and caloric equivalent values.

In the 21st century obesity within the UK was starting to become a major concern, after the issue of smoking had been dealt with. In order to get a handle on the growing problem of obesity, the prime minister at the time released a new piece of legislation otherwise known as “Choosing Health: Making healthy choices easier”. This piece of legislation was designed with the

Based upon the 48-hour intake journal, patient eats between 1500 to 2000 calories a day. Patient has been trying to minimize foods high in sodium and fat to help regulate recommended caloric, fat, and sodium intake. Patient wants to reduce the risks of hypertension and diabetes. Patient states that she runs on the treadmill 2 times a week for 1 hour. She walks around the mall 3 times a week for approximately an hour and walks to school 4 times a week for 30 minutes. Patient sleeps approximately 7 hours per night (falls asleep around 10:00 pm and wakes up at 5:30 am). Patient falls asleep due to fatigue. Patient wakes up in the middle of the night due to difficulty sleeping, from thinking about school and stressed. Patient’s quality of sleep

by Brahmadeo Dewprashad Department of Science Borough of Manhattan Community College The City University of New York and Geraldine S. Vaz Ambulatory Care Department Jamaica Hospital, Queens, New York

The difference between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR), is the hours that determine the metabolic velocity. The basal metabolic rate takes place in supine position. In a thermonetural atmosphere the basal metabolic rate can be assed 12-18 hours after a meal. The resting metabolic rate is assessed after 4 hours of a light meal, and 30-60 minutes after resting quietly.

Maria is a 19 year old female that is 5’8” tall and weighs 145 lbs. Based on the use of an online calculator, her BMI would be 22.0 (nih.gov). Which would put her in the normal weight range, but only 3 points from being overweight and 8 points from being considered obese. The use of another online calculator would determine that she needs to consume 2316 calories per day to survive (Adult energy needs). The Basal Metabolic Rate or BMR for Maria would be 1516.05 (BMR calculator). BMR is defined as the amount of energy used by the body in a sedentary state with no digestion occurring. Running 2.5 miles while traveling at 4.76 miles per hour would take 31.5 minutes and burn roughly 262 calories. Based on Maria’s vitals, her running three times a week would burn off roughly 786 calories. She burns a total of 110441.4 calories each month. Then she consumes 119820 calories a month leading to a net of +9378.6 calories a month. Which when divided by the number of calories in a pound (3500 calories0 is a gain of 2.7 pounds a month or 32.4 pounds a year.

The answer to your question is based on what is called metabolism. Metabolism is the amount of calories burned in a typical day and can vary from individual to individual. Many factors can affect why it can change in each person including what they eat, how much they exercise, genetics and even your age.

BMR = 655 + (4.35 x 159) + (4.7 x 67) – (4.7 x 31) = 1515.85 kcal/day

In the table shown, it reflects my diet over a 3 day period. It shows the intake necessary based on a 2000 calorie diet and shows if the participant was receiving over or under the amount of nutrient necessary during the 3 day

The subject data represented in the table above indicate high energy expenditure and low energy intake, in comparison to the recommended adult daily intake of 8700kJ per day (Australian Government Department of Health 2006). However, this figure can greatly vary due to natural variations in gender, bodyweight and energy expenditure levels. The numerical similarity of the two values indicates the subject’s requirement for a greater energy intake, which is consistent with the recorded weight fluctuations.

The basis for the argument is that everybody’s body is different. Some people have a higher metabolism than others while some people just burn more calories than others. Some people have more bacteroidetes in their gut extracting fewer calories and others may have less bacteroidetes in their gut extracting more calories during intake. Another thing to consider is that diets vary from person to person and our body masses are not universally the same. This shows that you cannot simply use this equation. So the basis for the argument again is that there are too many things that we have to take into account to simply narrow down to one simple equation; we are all different and react differently in our own ways.

It was merely a decade ago that the obesity epidemic was thought to only be a minor problem and had only alarmed a small number of endocrinologists interested by the size of the situation (James, 2008). However today, the problem of obesity is vast with more awareness of its presence by doctors and individuals alike. In fact, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention states, “More than one-third (34.9% or 78.6 million) of U.S. adults are obese (CDC, 2014)”. These numbers are outrageous and eye opening, leaving millions looking for a solution to this troubling epidemic. Obesity is not simply a cosmetic flaw as some might think, but is actually a very dangerous state of being for any individual to sustain long-term. Mentioned further in

If you are interested in losing weight, knowing your basal metabolic rate is a good place to start. Basal Metabolic Rate, or BMR, is the minimum calorific requirement that a resting person needs in order to sustain life. Or, it is the rate at which the body burns calories. In other words, it is the amount of energy which is measured in calories that is expended by the body if a person was in a state of rest. In humans, it is measured by the heat produced per unit time and is expressed as the calories released per kilogram of body weight or per square meter of body surface per hour. If you are considering losing weight and keeping it off, you should know your metabolic rate.

A negative energy balance is the goal for weight loss. For weight loss, the BMR, caloric intake, and caloric expenditure are analyzed. It is necessary to determine the kilocalorie adjustment needed for weight loss (see Table 2). For proper energy balance during weight reduction ½ of the reduction should come from a reduction in caloric intake, and ½ should be derived from increased physical activity. A neutral energy balance must be met for weight maintenance.