annotated bibiliography on eating disorders Essay

In 1981, a researcher named Fairburn conducted the first study applying cognitive-behavioral therapy to the treatment of bulimia nervosa. In a recently published report by D. L. Spangler (1999), CBT is touted as “a well-developed, theoretically grounded treatment for bulimia nervosa with the strongest empirical support for its efficacy of any form of treatment for bulimia nervosa.” Today cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy commonly used to treat patients with bulimia nervosa (BN).

The Eating Disorder Inventory was developed in 1983 by David M. Garner, Marion P. Olmstead, and Janet Polivy but was officially published in 1984. The original Eating Disorder Inventory assessment was created for the sole purpose of evaluating the “psychological and behavioral traits common in anorexia nervosa and bulimia” (Garner, Olmstead, & Polivy, p.15, 1983). The researchers wanted to develop yet another instrument aimed at eating disorders because the previous instruments were only used for inpatient clients or intended for the behavioral aspects of anorexia nervosa in particular. The researchers felt that bulimia was not being accounted for in previous assessments and that the depth of these disorders was much more complex than the previous assessments were exploring. They felt that they needed to develop an instrument to measure various other traits in order to properly treat individuals with eating disorders.

Topic: What is causing young adults and teens to develop eating disorders and how can we help them?

In my research, I explored the world of eating disorders. I wanted to see if there was anything specifically encouraging eating disorders and if there was a way to stop it. Eating disorders affect the community greatly because often times, they go unchecked or unrecognized. As a recovered anorexic, I feel it’s very important to address this issue. It’s a very big problem that is often not addressed at all, or is seen as normal, like counting calories. I hoped to find a way to improve the way that eating disorders are viewed and explain to people about what defines an eating disorder, because many people will never know if it is not explicitly explained to them. My study’s purpose is to bring light into the dark world of eating disorders

In our Western society, we have several different types of eating dysfunction, all of which are unique and tragic in their own right. Despite their individuality, however, they all have several overlapping symptoms that are key to their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), one of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined objectively by number of calories eaten in a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger. Binge eating has many different aspects that are of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of those interests has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for their respective disorder. Because both

The Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Fairburn & Belgin, 1994) is a 36 item, self-report measure of the core cognitive and behavioural features of eating disorders. It can be used in the diagnosis of Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (Allen, Byrne, Lampard, Watson, & Fursland, 2011). It can also be used to measure change in symptoms over the course of treatment. It is a parallel form of the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993), a widely used semi-structured interview of eating disorder psychopathology, providing a more efficient and cost-effective

The cognitive view of the maintenance of bulimia nervosa stresses that there is more to an individual's eating problem then just binge eating (and purging). Low self-esteem, extreme concerns about shape and weight, and strict dieting are all implicated in perpetuating the vicious cycle of bulimia (Fairburn et al., 1993). Within the first stage of treatment (weekly sessions 1-8), the following steps characterize the cognitive-behavioral approach: 1) orient

People that are bulimic tend to go into a depressive stage because they have a greater fear of becoming over weight than any other person does. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) diagnosis of bulimia nervosa requires that binge-eating episodes and the accompanying compensatory behaviors occur at an average frequency of at least once a week for three months. (Abnormal Psychology; 338)

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are eating disorders that severely affect both men and women around the world. The cause of the eating disorder usually derives from psychological, biological and social forces. Eating disorders have become an epidemic in American society, twenty-four million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S. (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders.\, 2011). There are many ways to address and treat an eating disorder. There have been multiple studies conducted to test the effectiveness of different types of treatment. My central research question analyzes the relationship between the continuation of the eating disorder with the presence of intervention or some

Conducted on Jul 10, 2016, XYZ executed a study on whether or not childhood psychopathology is affected in children of women with eating disorders. Two different age groups were examined; 48,403 children at the age of eighteen months old and 46,156 children at the age of seven years old. If a mother had multiple children, only the first born child was studied. The younger group was measured in cognitive, motor and language development, temperament, and attachment. The older group was given the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to determine where they were psychologically. The mothers had one of the following; anorexia nervosa(AN), bulimia nervosa(BN), both anorexia and bulimia, or no eating disorder(NED). The study concluded that

Bulimia Nervosa treatment led to many debates over which approach is most effective. Psychotherapy can be very helpful in addressing not only disordered eating, but also overall emotional health and happiness. The focus of psychotherapy treatment is to address the underlying emotional and cognitive issues that result in the disordered eating. Erford & Richards, (2012), have reported the efficacy of counseling or psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. The study concluded that the effects did not last, and better results were obtained when medication was combined with psychotherapy” (p. 152).

Within Study 1 were two different groups of participants. The first group of participants were experts in the field of eating and weight disorders. The second group of participants were females with diagnosed eating disorders. The investigators initially developed a survey of 56 items covering 13 facets of loss of control eating. Investigators developed the initial items and facets by reviewing qualitative literature, and the test that were currently being used to measure binge eating and bulimia. The investigators sent the survey through email to 60 experts in the field of eating disorders and 34 experts responded. The experts were asked to examine the 56 items on relevance and clarity and to suggest additional items and ideas reflecting LOC-eating. The experts were asked for feedback on the working definition of the construct of LOC-eating. Expert feedback resulted in 18 items being added, 10 items being deleted, and 12 facets being retained within the LOCES questionnaire. Based on the feedback from the experts the following working definition for the study was

Eating disorders (ED) and body image issues are increasingly becoming more and more common among women in Western societies (Stice, 2002). Over the past couple years the prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) and has steadily increased, 3 out of 100 women that are now diagnosed with the disorder (Botta, 1999; Hesse-Biber et. al, 2006). This brings into question wether it is in fact BN that is increasing, our awareness or the rising numbers of other comorbid disorders in Western societies.

Bulimia and Anorexia are often confused amongst humans. Bulimic people may have many reasoning’s that support their causes for binging, and anorexic people also have reasoning’s that illustrate their causations of being anorexic. Appearance and self-esteem may play a major role towards people who may binge often, and people who are anorexic may just have a fear to eat based on their body figures. However, many confuse the two due to the similar meanings of body weight. This paper will analyze observations from different research studies that show’s various treatment outcomes, symptoms, behavioral interventions and causations for adolescent patients who have experienced bulimia and anorexia throughout the course of their life.

Adolescents and adults are hurting themselves trying to achieve the “ideal thin”. There has not been as much progress with eating disorders as there has been with other mental disorders, like anxiety and depression. In Wilson et al paper he listed one of the problems with treating eating disorder is, “Few doctoral programs in psychology in the United States off a systemic focus on eating disorders despite the wide spread interest among some of the most talented under graduate students aspiring to careers in clinical psychology (212)”. The three categories’ for eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise