Implementing Yoga in Women with Breast Cancer
A Critical Appraisal and Synthesis
A total of five research articles incorporating yoga practices in women with a diagnosis of breast cancer were analyzed. Four out of the five articles reviewed were noted to be random controlled trials (RCT). These four RCT’s compared women diagnosed with breast cancer, who implemented the practice of yoga exercising, to a control group of women who did not (Rao, et al., 2015; Taso, et al., 2014; Vadiraja, et al., 2009). One RCT compared these women with an additional group, who participated in stretching exercises (Chandwani, et al., 2014). Various outcomes were recorded, such as quality of life, depression, anxiety and fatigue in both groups to determine
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2014; Rao et al., 2015; Taso et al., 2014; Thomas, et al., 2014; & Vadiraja, et al., 2009).
Disagreements between Articles:
• Two of the studies found that yoga did not influence the level of depression, while the other three showed a decrease in depression with integration of yoga (citation needed)
• One study did not mention if the women were undergoing treatment, rather the disability associated with having breast cancer (Thomas, et al., 2014).
Strengths and Weaknesses of Articles
• Strengths: o Studies who extended following up displayed greater advancements in fatigue levels during the duration of their experiments (citation needed) o Data supports yoga being a positive experience for women with disabilities in connection to breast cancer (citation needed) o Data collection has implications for nursing research and goes beyond the body of work to demonstrate the blurring of traditional boundaries between interventions and data collection (citation needed) o One study showed that there was higher adherence with yoga sessions that took place at the same location as radiotherapy (citation needed)
• Weaknesses: o Study groups were not blinded and treatment expectations were not assessed (citation needed) o Yoga practices focused mainly on the physical aspect as opposed to the mental aspect, which could affect mental health variables (citation needed)
A growing body of evidence suggests meditation-based interventions have the potential to reduce symptoms and improve well-being (Marchand, 2013 for review; Mitchell et al., 2014). The Stanford University study entitled Breathing-Based Meditation Decreased Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in U.S. Military Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study explores the effects of Sudarshan Kriya yoga, a meditation-based therapy, on U.S. military veterans with PTSD symptoms having served in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The book Speak is written by Laurie Halse Anderson. This moving novel expresses the struggle a victim can experience after rape and or physical and mental abuse from family and friends. Also the harshness that can sometimes come along with high school and adapting to the type of group you want to fit in with. Throughout the book the author try to teach or at least make you think as the reader who you can really trust as friends and people in general.
His study consisted of 68 female cancer patients who were randomly sorted into the intervention group or control group. They were evaluated using symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EOR TC QLQ-30) and the Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI). The treatment group patients practiced meditation, yoga, mindfulness communication skills and mindful breast self-examination/awareness in 2 hour classes weekly and at a 4 hour weekend retreat that was held on the 6th and 8th week of the program. The patients also practiced daily meditation or yoga for mild exercise at home for 45 minutes per day and kept daily
Not only is yoga a healthy way to stay fit, but also gives emotional and spiritual support to those in recovery. Prinster researched yoga and found out that it strengthens the immune system, which provides protection against cancer recurrence. She constructed a system of yoga poses and sequences, each one based on needs of cancer survivors. This is the Yoga 4 Cancer method.
The Cathedral was a symbol of authority and religious achievement to people of the Middle Ages. Both Romanesque and Gothic style cathedrals are monuments to the skill and creativity of medieval people. Upon entering a Romanesque or Gothic style cathedral, one would have noticed that the function of these houses of worship is very similar. They are each an urban religious center in which priests conducted masses. Upon further examination of the sculptures and the different structures that embody them, one would have found that they differ quite dramatically.
This was an interventional study to understand the effect of two low-cost interventions; yoga and peer support on the quality of life (QOL) of women with type 2 diabetes.
For a year or more I felt somewhat absent, solidifying a sense of uncertainty and fear in my psyche. I blamed my susceptibility to broken bones but deep down I knew it was because yoga was missing from my life.
In the United States, twenty six states allow minors, defined as children twelve and older, to consent to contraceptive services; Michigan allows some minors, such as those who are married or have previously been pregnant, to consent; four states have no standing laws or policy (“An Overview” 1-2). The contraceptive access also varies across the country. Some states require comprehensive sexual education and for teens to be able to access contraceptives. Some lean more towards abstinence only education in the hopes teens will steer away from sexual activities. There are also scattered clinics where teens can receive birth control. For many parents, this term conjures up images of teenage sex or pregnancy, which can cause them to ignore its
Yoga combines movement with conscious breathing techniques which can help reduce stress and anxiety; as well as increasing the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream. Yoga postures can help to strengthen the musculoskeletal system, improving balance and coordination. Stretching the body can increase mobility and flexibility. Regular movement may enhance range of motion; helping to combat pain and inflammation in a person living with arthritis. Yoga asks the participant to turn their attention inward creating mental engagement; which has potential psychological benefits such as a decrease in stress and anxiety (Haaz, 2011). Tai chi is an ancient form of Chinese fitness which can “improve cardiovascular fitness and motor control while reducing stress, anxiety and depression (Yan, 1998).” Tai chi is self paced, non competitive and can be performed in a variety of environments, making it a great activity for a person living with arthritis. Guided imagery is the purposeful use of the imagination to evoke memory as well as fantasy. The ability to reduce pain and anxiety makes guided an effective therapeutic intervention to improve overall health and well-being (Bonadies, 2009). Spa therapy can also be used as a therapeutic modality for those living with arthritis. Spa therapy may utilize thermal water, with possible healing properties of natural minerals, to help the entire body relax. The Water can be used to massage; as well as applied in varying temperatures depending on pain, swelling or comfort level of the participant (Sukenik, 1999 , p.883). Therapeutic Massage utilizes touch, which is a very important part of human behavior; as well as improves circulation and reduces pain. Massage therapy “can improve health and enhance well-being, particularly through the reduction of pain and anxiety
However, in this study the follow up interview was completed 3 months after the intervention finished. In another study comparing yoga to usual care provided by the doctor, there was significant improvement in the back functionality and decrease in pain after a year compared to usual care (Tilbrook et al., 2011). Because the study did not follow up with the three groups past 6 months, this study was not able to say whether stretching or yoga was a better treatment for chronic low back pain over time. What the researchers could do to change the limitation into a positive and innovative addition to the study would be to go back and interview the study participants at 1 year from the start of the trial and another year after that. A common method for studies like this is to have the participants return at the halfway point, at the end of the intervention, and 6 months after the end of the intervention (Williams et al., 2009). If the study was to have a longer follow up than the customary amount, it would change the study from examining the short term effect of yoga is on an individual’s chronic low back pain, and extend it to the long term effect on an individual’s chronic low back pain. It would be a pioneering prospective study on how yoga affects chronic low back pain over the course of years rather than 6 months.
However, what if chronic back pain could be managed by adding alternative therapies such as yoga to modern treatments? Yoga is an additional therapy that decreases chronic back pain by promoting movement and decreasing pain medication dependence (Lee, Crawford & Schoomaker, 2014). This could radically reduce the dependence on drugs for pain relief and lead to a movement where pain is managed with the help of both modern medicine and affordable alternative remedies. With this in mind, promoting alternative therapies, such as yoga, in collaboration with modern treatments provides a larger range of options with different efficiencies for those with chronic back pain.
My yoga journey started more than ten years ago with an intense and dedicated interest in learning yoga postures from Ashtanga, Hatha, Jivamukti, etc. In the beginning I practised most days of the week and imagined that I would never tire, in spite of long trips to the studio in the early hours of the morning. A pleasant reward was that my blood pressure dropped back to normal and I could stop taking medicines. So, from the start, I knew that yoga could provide health benefits as well as an enormous feeling of wellbeing. No matter how tired and fed-up one felt at the beginning of a session, the mental lift afterwards was deeply satisfying. Meditation, Savasana, or corpse posture, wound up every session so it also became clear that postures or asanas were only part of the remedy. Meditation and yoga practise from the very beginning fired my interest in searching for an inner consciousness. This is an easily misunderstood word and means many different things to many different people. Some will associate it with awareness, or mindfulness
Yoga's psychological benefits include; improvement of anxiety, depression, stress tolerance, addictive disorders, bi polar disorders, eating disorders, insomnia and overall emotional balance. Physical benefits include; improvement of chronic pain, reduction of heart rate and blood pressure, increased circulation, and function. The benefits continue; improvement in venous return of the
The health behavior that was chosen to promote during our campaign was yoga. We encouraged students, staff, and faculty members at Knox College to partake in yoga classes offered by the school in order to reduce stress and target a particular health/illness outcome. The main physical health/illness outcome targeted in this campaign was reduced blood pressure. Yoga is also seen to improve cardiovascular health. We chose to focus on the benefits of yoga to improve blood pressure and cardiovascular health instead of just one or the other because most of the studies that we found while researching mentioned both decreased blood pressure and improved cardiovascular health occurring from practicing yoga.
In today’s environment, many people are suffering with the stress and anxiety of day to day living and are finding themselves unable to cope with life’s little emergencies. Prescription drugs are on the rise due to the increasing need for people to deal with their stress and anxiety. However, many people are searching for ways to be less stressed and live a happy and healthy life without drugs. If stress and anxiety are getting the best of you, then think about grabbing a mat and giving yoga and meditation a spin. With that in mind, this paper will take a look at the benefits of yoga and meditation to create a more peaceful and healthy lifestyle.