It was 74000 B.C. The current “human” population (Modern humans hadn’t arrived yet) was around one million, and most of them dwelled in the African and European parts of the planet. One day, there was a loud sound which was to circulate the entire planet thrice. The mighty Toba Supervolcano had blown up, reaching the final level 8 of the Volcanic Explosivity Index, releasing around 2800 cubic kilometers or 700 cubic miles of lava, ash, and dust straight into the atmosphere. To put this into perspective, this colossal amount of material can bury the entire state of North Carolina in eighteen meters of lava. The location of the site from nearest major civilization was more than 3500 miles. Notwithstanding, the power of the volcanic eruption …show more content…
Yellowstone has 1200 cubic miles of molten rocks, which is substantially greater than Toba’s stockpile. To add to this, the lower part of the chamber has another 11,000 cubic miles of the same object and overpowers any known eruption by more than one order of magnitude. Evidently, this amount could easily account for the most powerful volcanic explosion, if it were to happen today, the solar system has ever witnessed. It would reduce the global temperatures by more than twenty-one degrees for at least six decades. To compare this to Toba, if Toba could plummet the state of North Carolina in eighteen meters of magma, this volcano has enough amount to bury the state in nearly four hundred meters of the same. In addition to this, it has been predicted that if the current rate continues, Yellowstone could erupt within a few decades, a century at most, and this has concerned scientists. Due to all these factors, NASA plans to dig a five-mile deep hole and try to cool the bubbling beast by constantly supplying water into the hole. The plan is being supported and funded by people throughout the world as it will be multifunctional. Not only does NASA wishes to save humanity from doom, it also plans to use the generated heat to run the thermal powerplants. In theory, this type of source could power the entire planet for decades. However, there are serious loopholes in the entire plan; the most concerning among them being that this hole could also be
One summer my parents informed my brother Ben and I we were going on a trip to Yellowstone National Park. I had never been so excited for anything in my life. I had a passion and love for nature, and being that Yellowstone had some of the most beautiful and interesting geological features on Earth, I knew I would have a blast. They said we would be going in a few weeks, and I literally couldn’t wait. I kept asking questions upon questions, and finally, my dad just got annoyed. “Go research it, Juliette.” He said. “The internet will know more than I do.” I took his advice and went to research Yellowstone.
The west coast of North America has been tectonically and volcanically active for billions of years. The Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern California were born of volcanoes, and magma has been erupting in the Long Valley to the east of the mountains for over three million years (Bailey, et. al., 1989). However, the climactic eruption of the region occurred relatively recently in the region's geologic history. About 760,000 years ago, a huge explosion of magma warped the Eastern Sierra into the landscape that exists today. The eruption depleted a massive magma chamber below the earth's surface so that the ceiling of the chamber imploded, forming what is now known as
The Yellowstone volcano is very active volcanic system which requires much observation. The geysers, mudd pots, hotsprings and steam vents are all examples of the heat from molten rock of a volcano. For many years the Yellowstone volcano could not be located. There is not obvious signs of a volcano, but scientists looked for other clues. Rhyolite is present in a location that has pinetress and many mosquitoes can be found due to the lakes that have formed. Rhyolite is a very violent eruption, due to the high silica content, it flows slowly, like honey, and tends to pile up and form lava
The term “supereruption” was introduced after the Toba eruption in 1992 to describe the devastating effects that occurred5. To this date, there is no strict definition however; an eruption that can produce over 300 cubic kilometers of magma would have global consequences and therefore, be considered ‘super’6. The volume of magma that erupted from Toba was much greater than any other eruption previously recorded2. The fragmental deposit from such a large eruption can produce volumes of 1000km3 or greater7. Therefore, according to this definition, the latest eruption of Toba can definitely be considered a supereruption.
The Yellowstone is known as one of six largest supervolcanoes in the world. Though this supervolcano has not erupted recently it does have continue to have volcanic activities. The previous eruption remains have been found outside of the Yellowstone National Park that link to the Yellowstone Caldera. Ben Ellis and Mark Darren, authors of the article “‘Super-eruptions’ and silicic volcanism from the Yellowstone volcanic field,” describes current volcanic activities of this area and how it has expanded and transition from its previous super-eruptions to what has happen now, and what changes could another volcanic reaction cause for this area. Ellis and Darren wrote that the “. . . evidence of volcanic activity is all around” (135). In this they were talking about Yellowstone.
Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and oldest national parks in American history. Yellowstone was the first park to be protected by private investment on March 1, 1872, and the first to be put under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service in 1918, no doubt due to its unique and inspiring landscape and geothermal features. In fact, Yellowstone National Park is home to half of the world’s total hydrothermal features. These awesome attractions draw an incredible amount of visitors, an average of two to three million each year, to Yellowstone’s immense landscape. The park has a total size of 28,125 square miles, is found in three distinct states, and is considered to be one of the largest
Lava flows of rhyolite and basalt have flowed through parts of Yellowstone as recently as 70,000 years ago. These lava flows destroyed everything in their paths while moving slowly at a rate of a few hundred feet per day, flowing months, or sometimes even several years. They are thick and cover as much as 130 square miles. They have nearly filled the Yellowstone Caldera, and spilled beyond the caldera’s border. These lava flows are responsible for forming four of the nine named plateaus in
At 3:39 PM on June 15th, 1991, Mt. Pinatubo had it’s largest and most destructive explosion lasting a total time of 10 hours and 34 min. The ash from the plinian eruption soared 35 km into the air covering a grand 40 km radius. Avalanches of pyroclastic debris raced down the side of Pinatubo, filling valleys with brand-new volcanic deposits as much 660 feet thick. A small caldera 1.6 miles across formed because the eruption removed so much magma and rock which caused the summit to collapse. Surrounding forests were buried by 50-200 meters of ash and pumice. Ash deposits of 5 cm sheeted an area of 4000 mi².
The Yellowstone Caldera is a volcanic caldera and super volcano. The volcanism at Yellowstone deal with the Caldera, it was created during an eruption, these events took place in 2.1 million, 1.3 million and 630100 year ago. The caldera is a volcanic depression. It occurs, when the magma is reserve, the magma emptied the caved, it usually form in a round shape. The Yellowstone Caldera is about 35 mile wide and 50 mile long. However, in some study, they say the Yellowstone Caldera is large than previously thought. The Caldera is on top of a hotspot, the hotspot is where the light , and hot molten rock are find at, with those item it cause the mantle to rises toward the surface. The Yellowstone Caldera was created after an explosion of magma,
Lumps of Lava cool into solid rocks as they fly through the sky, forming rounded chunks that can be also known as bombs, while pieces with corners and sharp edges are named blocks. Both bombs and blocks can cause a great deal of damage. As the volcano begins to burst, the sky fills with choking, smoky powder, while it starts raining lava, and rock. The air warmed quicker than when you pour kerosene on a fire, with a sound so loud it circled the earth four times, red hot lava flows down the side of the volcano and magma spews out the top. The only taste in my mouth is the smoke coming from the lava, as the gas in the air turned all my silver jewelry black. I feel very frightened knowing this is such a normal thing to happen in different
In this report I plan to discuss the geological event of volcanic eruptions and the disasters they cause. To me, this is a fascinating topic and timely seeing how the 19th anniversary of the eruption of Mt. St. Helens is upon us. I hope to inform people of the mass destruction that is caused by the eruption of a volcano. The scope of my report will be limited to: 1) describing what comes out of a volcano, 2) explaining the seven different types of volcanoes, 3) explaining the five types of volcanic eruptions, and 4) explaining the disasters they can cause people. The procedure for completing this report first started by watching educational television
The mainstream media’s coverage of the drug war fits the propoganda model relatively well. There are a few instances where the media does stray from a strict view of the propoganda model, but they are well within the spirit of the model and fall within the model’s application in modern times. This paper will examine the mainstream media’s coverage of the drug war, particularly that of the 43 missing students and the Gary Webb controversy, and compare it to the five filters the propoganda model assigns.
One of the most devastating weather extremes happened 250 million years ago. A massive volcanic eruption (that occurred in an area now known as Siberia) caused increase in carbon dioxide and methane levels resulting in the extreme global warming. Today, the remains of this volcanic activity are called Siberian traps. The origin of Siberian traps is considered to be a mantle plume that burst through Earth’s crust releasing large volumes of basalt lava. Radiometric dating showed this volcanic event took place approximately from 251 to 250 million years ago (Reichow et al., 2009). Siberian traps erupted over several vents releasing around 2.5 million km3 of basalt lava that covered up to 60% of Siberian craton (Fedorenko et al.,
When I was exiting Yellowstone National Park, the park ranger at the post asked me what I was doing in Jackson Hole. I explained to him that I was there for the Annual Domestic Violence Conference and he said to me “We have that problem here?” I told him, “That problem is everywhere and actually one in three women will face abuse in one way or another in their lifetime.” I had just learned all of this information from attending this event. I started my role as a Victim Advocate only four days previous to this day. I was not aware of the complete picture of domestic violence but I could relate this phenomena in being part of this statistic. Many people ask me different questions, yet they all are the same, “Does that really happen
We continued to walk on the walkway while looking out the little island and the large sphere that was placed in the middle of it. This magical ball reflected the scenery of the earth. I could see the trees, the white storks, and the darkened sky in its reflection. And there we were within it, a number ten looking captivatingly at the parallel world on its surface. After a long gaze at the spellbinding sphere, we ventured up the island to find a place to sit down and rest for a while. There was an isolated dark metallic bench sitting at the very far end of the park. We both sat down and said nothing. I stared at the grand view of the park. Everything was intact and flawlessly organized. The sight made me appreciate nature more, and I laughed inside my head about many couples who want to spend their day in a luxurious restaurant eating expensive foods or shopping around in crowded spaces. For a “proper” date, many people would expect to see roses, rings, sex, kisses, and a lot of touching. For us, it was the serene silence that brought us closer. The more I think about this event, the more I relate to the idea that we attempted to be “normal” instead of being “cheesy.”