X-rays
This is a scientific report on x-rays, it’s history, uses, implications and other relevant facts. More relevance will be given to its medical uses/ importance as it was the most beneficial trait that x-rays brought.
X-rays were discovered in 1895 when Wilhelm Conrad Röentgen was doing some experiments with electron beams in a gas discharge tube and observed a glow in one of his fluorescent screens whenever the electron beam was on.
It was a fact that fluorescent material usually glowed in reaction to magnetic radiation but the gas discharge tube was surrounded by heavy black cardboard which was assumed by Roentgen to block most of the radiation. Confused and curious, Roentgen then put several objects between the tube and the
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The denser areas are shown as white while the soft areas appear dark in the film but sometimes some organs may block x-rays from showing broken or cracked bones and for this reason CAT (Computer Axial Tomography) was invented. Firstly, the person requiring the scan is put inside of a scanner, which is a long tube-shaped machine and then x-rayed from all angles, after a computer puts all of the images together so that doctors can analyse them. CAT are mainly used for head and brain injuries and appropriate shielded should be provided to cover the areas not being x-rayed.
At the dentist the same principle applies, x-ray film is put in one side of the teeth and x-rays are shot through the jaw, metal is more absorbent than teeth and bones so any filling on the teeth would appear lighter in the x-ray film. Fig. 2
Exposure limits exist to prevent exposure and limit chronic exposure to “acceptable” levels because in fact there is no safe level of exposure as there is always a small probability of exposure being the cause of some ailments, like cancer. It is then recommended to keep levels of exposure “as low as reasonable achievable” (ALARA).
A person can safely get up to 300 simple x-rays a year or 5 CAT (Computed Axial Tomography) scans and the risk of developing cancer would only increase by 1% as in most cases the cells that get damaged due to radiation die prematurely. The amount of cell damage from an x-ray is many times less than
- Even though the X-ray expose patient to harmful radiation it is used to see inside the human body and diagnose broken bones, gallstones and later tuberculosis.
X-rays are used to guide tubes or cameras through the body. It is used to look at the heart, lungs, and chest walls. They can also be used to rule out any other conditions that might be causing the weaknesses.
X-ray use for diagnosis – Describe example of the use of an X-ray for diagnosis including IMAGE
A scientist would need a glass tube with positive and negative electrodes. The tubes were called cathode tubes, and they were common in the late 1890s. The air leaves the glass tube, and a florescent glow is produced when a high voltage runs through the tube. The scientist needs to cover the glowing tube with a heavy, black paper or cardboard. Then the scientist will see the green colored fluorescent light illuminating from the box. This is known as the X-Rays which energizes the phosphorescent materials in the room. The newly discovered ray would pass through objects, and it can cast a shadow of most solid objects. The ray consists of electron passing through the matter underneath the cathode tube. It can pass through human tissues, but it cannot pass through bones and metal
X-rays may be invisible waves found on the electromagnetic spectrum which can almost make their known danger seem of little importance because our five senses cannot measure their activity, however x-rays must not be taken lightly. Radiologic Technologist must keep in mind the dangers and gravity of the force that they are working with on a daily basis. Patients should have the right to their own safety when undergoing a medical procedure that requires the use of x-rays. Radiologic Technologist are the ones responsible for upholding this safety. They can and must do this in variety of ways that include, making sure the patient is knowledgeable about the procedure, using correct collimation to the part under examination, and by shielding the
Radiologic technologists, or x-ray techs, are medical professionals who take radiographic pictures of bones. They are assistants to radiologists; the x-ray techs take the pictures and the radiologists examine the x-ray and diagnose what is wrong with the patient. “They are educated in anatomy, patient positioning, examination techniques, equipment protocols, radiation safety, radiation protection and basic patient care” (American Society of Radiologic Technologists, 2017). It is crucial that x-ray techs be exact and precise or else the pictures will be incomprehensible, thus making it nearly futile for the radiologist to interpret them.
After receiving the document, Yagoda already noticed uneasiness whether the title should be hyphenated or not. However, Yagoda’s explored and delved into grammar rules for the word written differently “x ray,” “x-ray,” “X-ray” and “X ray.” The life of the word “x ray” started on November 8, 1895 when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen coined the name “X-Strahlen” for his discovery of radiation. The New York Times translated the word as X-rays in 1896, clarifies Yagoda. Shortly after introducing the word, the New York Times wrote the word without a hyphen, although the newspaper gradually returned hyphen in 1920s. Yagoda wrote to the author of the document who replied on the practice in the physics community to write “x ray” when referring to the radiation we call “x.” It existed as an illustration that even physicists could not spot the various nuance. He also indicated “editors convert all spellings ‘x ray’ to ‘x-ray’ or to ‘X-ray.’” For Yagoda, that was the point when he “experience temptations of homicide,” and when the two
These images call for up to 90% less radiation than with standard film type x-rays. Instead of making use of the traditional silver-oxide x-ray film that must be formulated and then fixed in caustic and ecologically harmful solutions, the new system calls for pictures by way of a small digital sensing unit and it then immediately sends a Image of the tooth on to the video monitor in the treatment room. Therefore, we can easily see your teeth and surrounding components Instantly. Not only does the new digital x-ray do away with the typical wait for x-ray film to be prepared, but it also is highly sensitive, so that patients are exposed to even less radiation than with conventional x-rays.
Thesis Statement: I am speaking to you today about the importance, history, and safety concerns of X-rays and the radiation associated with them.
After receiving the document Yagoda already noticed uneasiness whether the title should be hyphenated or not. However, Yagoda’s explores the word written differently “x ray,” “x-ray,” “X-ray” and “X ray.” The life of the word x ray started on November 8, 1895 when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen coined the name “X-Strahlen” for his discovery of radiation. The New York Times translated the word as X-rays in 1896, explains Yagoda. Shortly after introducing the word, the New York Times used the word without a hyphen. The newspaper gradually returned hyphen in 1920s. Yagoda wrote to the author of the document who replied on the practice in the physics community to use “x ray” when referring to the radiation we call “x.” It was an example that even physicists could not spot the various nuance. He also said “editors convert all his spellings ‘x ray’ to ‘x-ray’ or to
They also have the PID which is also known as the “position indicating device.” This allows the image to be in one general area of the patient other then all over the head and body. The PID can be moved up to the patients mouth where the x-ray needs to be done.
During the cold winter of 1895, a German scientist by the name of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen was working with a cathode-ray tube when he noticed nearby crystals were glowing. When Roentgen reached for the crystals he was amazed when the shadow cast on the crystal was not of his whole hand, but just his bones. Roentgen covered the tube with heavy black paper and saw that the crystals still glowed and the shadow of his hand bones still shown through, he then determined that a new ray was being emitted that could penetrate through thick materials. (1.) He later found that the rays could pass through most anything, but would cast a shadow of solid objects; these shadows could then be captured on film. Among the solid objects Roentgen shot with
The samples were observed and tested after waiting 24 hours from when the exposure was stopped. The results showed that Cell-cycle control and DNA repair was damaged due to the radiation. It was also observed that early stages of cancer had formed in the tissue, and there is a high percentage that there could be cardiovascular dysfunction if the tissue was inside of a human. When to the samples exposed to X-rays, the Radon-exposed samples showed more irregularities. Table 1. Illustrates the viability (“ability of a thing (a living organism, an artificial system, an idea, etc.) to maintain itself or recover its potentialities.” (Google Search,
X-rays were discovered by accident in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Roentgen was already an accomplished scientist with forty-eight published papers. He had a reputation among the scientific community as a dedicated scientist with precise experimental methods. Roentgen had been conducting experiments at the University of Wurzburg on the effect of cathode-rays on the luminescence of certain chemicals. Roentgen had placed a cathode-ray tube, which is a partially evacuated glass tube with metal electrodes at each end, in a black cardboard box in his darkened laboratory. He sent electricity through the cathodre-ray tube and noticed something strange his laboratory. He saw a flash of light
1895 – X-rays were discovered accidentally by physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. Rontgen was working on a experiment and testing whether cathode rays could pass through glass. He noticed that a nearby tube emitted fluorescent glow of crystals. The air in the tube was released, high voltage applied, the same tube emitted a fluorescent glow. When Rontgen covered the tube in a heavy black paper, a green light could be seen. He concluded that a new light ray was being broadcast. Rontgen discovered that the light was very powerful and the same ray could pass through human tissue, but not through bones and metal objects. Medical applications were soon to follow. ("History of radiography," )