On World History John Sneddon History 401 Neal Cates September 16, 2015 On New World History In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the academic social sciences were divided into specializations. Historians covered Europe, the Mediterranean, and European expansion; the areas of China and Japan, as well as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Persia were the filed of study for orientalists; anthropologists covered the topics of contemporary people of Africa, the Americas, and South East Asia and Oceana; and the rest of the world fell into the laps of sociologists or economists . Historians largely focused on single societies1. They mostly looked at the building of nation-states, commercial economy, industrialization, and imperialism1. …show more content…
The vastness of the subject creates obstacles for the teacher or professor. How is a subject with the scope as large as the entire world, and the entire time of human existence, supposed to be broken down into a single survey course taught over a year, or even worse, a semester. One solution to this problem is trying to divide the subject into segments that students are able to grab. Peter Sterns, Ross Dunn and Deborah Smith Johnston all have different ideas on how this vast subject should be divided. Peter Sterns is a proponent of dividing world history into segments by means of periodization. Sterns notes that periodization on a scale as large as world history is a difficult task . He argues that in order for periodization to be useful in a subject as vast as world history, it must meet a specific set of criteria. The Periodization must be general rather than specific, take into account the personal as well as elite activities, look at causation, include events that occur within rather than across civilizations, and must be “strikingly original in the turning points …show more content…
Instead of the models of Dunn, Smith Johnston breaks the vast discipline of world history into three frameworks including temporal, special, and thematic in order to give students a way to grasp the vastness of the subject. Smith Johnston also emphasizes historical thinking skills, which she sees as the most important part of learning history2. After reading about both Dunn’s Patterns of Change model and Smith Johnston’s three frameworks, I would like to combine the two in my teaching career. Using Dunn’s culturally inclusive model combined with Smith Johnston’s frameworks I feel like students could get the culturally inclusivity in a package that is easy to comprehend. I like the idea of breaking world history into themes, however they need to be expressed in historical context. There needs to be information given as to time frames within the themes, otherwise students will have a no concept of when events
Lars Brownworth took the pleasure of writing the novel “Lost to the West.” Where within this he elaborates on a period of history that is seamlessly ignored in history. Courses instructing this discipline habitually over look the ‘new’ Rome deeming it insignificant. Brownworth’s dominant emphasis is too merely educate his readers on this gap in history. Which he does commendably however; his interpretations are not ineludibly bipartisan and quite candidly that leads to the book to be less successful in its purpose. These biases include: subjectively identifying other nations, glorifying his obviously favorite emperors and villain-zing his less favorite. While his approach is chronologically adequate he plagues his book by not only the previously stated biases, but creating the book too brief, and having to decide what information is substantial to retain; which he decides.
Chapter 19 Study Guide, Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan, 1800-1914, Study Guide (Original: pp. 559-586; With Sources: pp. 877-903)
.There are five themes that are focused on in AP World History which are significant in understanding World History. First, the major theme of interactions between humans and the environment is significant because the environment impacts a large amount of human society. Though the human society is also progressively making a change in the environment. In addition, the theme development and interaction of cultures is important for because observations from this theme can show how groups in the community see themselves and others, and how they react to varieties of conflicts. Observations such as religions, philosophical interests, and technical approaches. Next, state-Building, expansion, and conflict is another valuable theme for AP world for
Periodization requires clearness, accuracy, and consistency. Furthermore Christian says periodization in world history is far more difficult as it’s trying to cover all civilizations. The problems that periodization creates in world history is theoretical, organization, ethical, and technical problems (98-99). What causes theoretical problems is that any kind of deep focus on certain parts of the past will interfere with other aspects (98). For example, Christian says “to choose a periodization is to make some rather arbitrary judgments about what is and what is not most important in human history”(98). Organization is an issue because a million different things are going on in a moment. Christian argues this is what makes it hard for historians to know what to concentrate on when organizing (99). Ethical problems exist as Christian argues, “Periodization poses ethical problems because it can so easily imply value judgments,” (99). Technical problems occur because of that there are different types of calendars that have been used throughout history. Therefore, Christian says that most historian’s solution to this problem is to divide history into a few different eras. Christian says, “Dualistic periodizations offer a powerful way of contrasting the present and the past, either to praise or condemn the contemporary era”. But as Christian states “However, most periodization schemes divide the past into several major eras, each with subdivisions of its own”(100). Christian’s solution to this problem in his book is to divide world history as a whole (104). He divides history into the foraging, agrarian, and the modern age. Christian then only talks about the important things that made each era special in a brief way. This is best as he’s only focusing on important decisive topics instead of everything but at the same time, he’s leaving a lot of things
The United States became an imperialist nation at the end of the 19th century because Americans wanted to expand overseas with their belief in manifest destiny. The three factors that started American imperialism were political and military competition including the creation of a strong naval force, economic competition among industrial nations and a belief in the racial and cultural superiority of people of Anglo-Saxon descent.
Nations formed national identities through, compelling diverse people and regions to accept unified network of laws, administration, time zones, natural markets, and language "Nations and Empires, 1850-1914"(pg.630). The nation-building of nationalism and the acquisition of new territories of the imperialism were parallel to one another. The quest for new land was normal, and it made it easy for the different culture of people and different types of goods to travel around the world. During these times, many people left their homeland in search for better opportunities. The Japanese move to Brazil, Indians to South Africa and to the Carribean, Chinese to California and Italians to New York and Buenos Aires(pg.630). Many nations formed. The United
Ken Wolf, a professor of history at Murray Sate University and author of Personalities and Problems, wrote with the intent to illustrate the varied richness of human history over the past five centuries. He took various personalities such as adventurers, princes, political leaders, and writers and categorized them in a way for readers to draw lines between them to create a clearer view of world history for himself. Beginning each new chapter with a specific question about worldly concerns and disciplines allowed the readers to relate the topics to broader, more general scenarios of their cultures. Answering the questions in essay form gave examples of how certain cultures/ parts of the world
In the Modern History Senior Assessment Plan, I have sought to use have five themes with eight inquiry topics during the course of the unit. This is set requirement by the QCAA, explicitly outlined in the Modern History Senior Syllabus (2004). To an extent, meeting the set requirements by the QCAA was at first quiet difficult, especially after I finished organising the assessment plan for year 11. Due to the great number of themes and inquiry topics focused on during year 11, I had to pick broader themes and inquiry topics to be studied in year 12. Nevertheless, this worked quiet well as it enables the year 12 students studying modern history to refine their historical skills and enabling the students to have greater freedom in
It is hard to deny that the imperialism seen in the late 19th century and early 20th century was merely a continuation of American expansionism from the earlier 19th century. The sentiment toward expansionism and reasons as to why America must expand into the West remain the same when expansion began abroad. When the boundaries of the contiguous United States were all but settled, it was natural for the United States to turn overseas to continue its conquest of new lands. Justifying this was the notion held by expansionists that America had to keep on expanding and it was fated to do so. In the early 19th century, the notion emerges that it was a God given right to expand westward, or the famous “Manifest Destiny;” with so much land to the
Throughout the Nineteenth Century wealthy European countries engaged to take advantage of poor African nations. This imperialism was seen as a duty to God and country. Often, there efforts to colonize less civilised nations resulted in the destruction of families, government, and individuals in the colonised nations. In White Man's Burden and Things Fall Apart Achebe and Kipling discuss imperialism in different ways.
In an attempt of Europe expanding its borders in the 19th and early 20th centuries, they created imperialism in Africa to grow economically. In the 1800s European countries conquered western and central parts of Africa to take rule. Africa tried to put a stop to many of the European nations, but because the nations had a more advanced army, Europe succeeded and took charge of most of the continent. The driving force behind European imperialism was technological advances, need for land, and more money. The drive for more technology advances came from rubber, gold, and coal.
Imperialism has been a long standing ideology that is able to withstand the tests of time due to the applicability of the concept. The general definition of Imperialism, as provided by Merriam-Webster, is the practice in which a country furthers its power by the means of control and domination in other regions of the world. This took on a new form as the nineteenth-century approached, as Traditions & Encounters a Global Perspective on the Past elaborated, it mainly pertained to European powers at this time and their control over colonial land and the world of influence. 19th century imperialists had three main foci, these being economic, political, and cultural motifs, these foci dominated the reasons for imperialism in the nineteenth-century and determined how nations would interact with the world and others; these foci would often find conflicts with each other and overlap causing disruption in the goals of the nations involved.
The 19th and 20th century imperialism was substantially about the exploitation of the empires colonies and thus was not a necessarily an ‘civilizing mission’. During the 19th and 20th century European powers tried to justify their actions, by claiming that they were trying to re-educate the native population through education, this included Christian missionaries which were placed throughout Asia, Africa and Latin America. However, it became apparent that these powers gained significant wealth by commercializing items that could not be obtained otherwise. Two key examples of imperialism in the 19th and 20th century includes the Belgium Congo whereby Leopold II gained significant wealth through rubber plantations and the British
What is the New Imperialism and what were the cause and effects in the World Wars in order to understand what is the “New Imperialism”, we must first learn and define Imperialism: a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world: the effect that a powerful country or group of countries has in changing or influencing the way people live in other, poorer countries. The New Imperialism takes on effects in the late 19th century this is when there is an interest or wanting to gain a imperial territory, Imperialism is also consider to be when there is a desire to control a trading routes and resources in a nation. A perfect example of the New Imperialism is called the "Scramble for Africa", this is when Europe tries to takes control over Africa. In the late 19th century Europe struggle to destabilize and to balance the power that they once had before Italy and Germany became unify.
This kind of history is about the world as a whole. Studying about the whole world is amazing. Usually studying about the United States and a little of Latin America and South America, this different type of history has curiosity build up, wondering about the past and what is in store in the future. Past histories studied seemed so focused on one specific place at a time, while this perspective gives a different meaning to history. This history shows how much we changed from the past till