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Within-Class Ability Grouping Argumentative Analysis

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In order to grasp the effectiveness of ability groups, it is necessary to point out the differences amongst them. Mathews (2013) states that ability grouping is classified into two categories which are between-class ability grouping and within class ability grouping. Between class ability grouping is essentially leveled groups (high, medium, low) across the grade level and is also known as “cluster grouping.” Each group is assigned to a particular classroom based on their academic ability or prior performance (gifted, special needs, and language learners). Within-class ability grouping is “the assignment of students to groups within each classroom based on interest, skill, ability, and various other factors” (Mathews, 2013, p. 82). Within-class …show more content…

For example, Slavin (1984) explains that there are two primary arguments against ability grouping. Both arguments are rooted in the idea that this practice creates classes and/or within-class groups who are low achievers or under-achieving students. Theorists argue that these students are done a disservice because they are not benefiting from the higher-level thinking and stimulation provided by the high achievers. Another argument against ability grouping is that the students who are placed amongst the low-achievers will be labeled and teachers may have low expectations for these students which will manifest itself and have a negative effect on those particular students. Slavin (1984) states that these homogenously low performing groups and classes (if cluster grouping is involved) have been observed to experience a lower quality instruction than the students who are placed in the higher level groups. He also states that one negative aspect of these grouping is that the low-achieving students do not have the behavioral model from the high achieving students. Felmlee (1983) explains an interesting phenomena called “behavioral contagion” which occurs among homogeneously grouped low achievers. He states that these groups tend to spend less time on-task than other groups because they are lacking a good behavior example, and they feed on each other’s disruptive …show more content…

They describe that overall the advantages of ability grouping outweigh the disadvantages of “reduced overall instructional time and unsupervised seatwork” (Hallinan and Sorenson, 1987, p. 63). However, Hallinan and Sorenson (1987) point out that many studies show that ability grouping favors students in the high group and disadvantages those who are in the lowest group. This is because high-ability groups are characterized by students who have a positive attitude towards learning and who are highly motivated; while, students in the lowest group are those who are easily distracted and have more behavior problems. If the teacher is spending the group’s instructional time on discipline and redirecting, the group has a smaller amount of instructional time and as a result the amount of learning taking place is

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