Witchcraft exists. Whether we choose to believe or not, its existence in worldwide cultures is undeniable. Its form takes many shapes that can be determined by the religion, economics, politics, and folk beliefs in each individual culture where it may take place. Its importance in our own, American, history should not go understated: Witches were a major dilemma for people who lived in 1692 Salem, Massachusetts, and as a result women (and men) were hanged due to undeniable belief in the power of Witchcraft. Today, belief in magic and witches has diminished with the increasingly secular nature of our culture, but we must accept there was a time when witches “existed”. While American culture has drifted away from ideas such as witchcraft, others have certainly not, with the primary example being Africa. Witchcraft in African culture accounts for many of the issues found within many of the continents communities. Correcting these issues, at least for a time, usually results in a community being “fixed” (examples are made in Adam Ashford’s account of witchery, Madumo, a Man Bewitched and the anthropological accounts being used for this essay). What is fascinating; however, are the parallels that can be made between witchcraft in different cultures. In a previous essay I touched on this topic by incorporating my definition of witchcraft as “a cultural means of being able to create particular moral boundaries by means of ‘magic’ thinking” (Brian Riddle, 2015). In this essay, I
The witchcraft phenomenon of the Renaissance period was shaped by a wide range of cultural factors; witchcraft was not necessarily subject to a single cohesive idea or concept, and it was often instead a conglomeration of many different societal concerns, concerns which spanned through all spheres of society. Textual evidence from this period provides insight into the way in which witches were conceived, and how witches were dealt with, while visual images present a companion visualisation of the tensions, which influenced created the witch, and the imagery, which came to be associated with witchcraft.
The Salem witchcraft definitely had an long term effect on the whole world, However I still believe it does today. It destroyed families, and those who were accused we devastated and those who survived were compensated. They families of those accused didn’t receive any closure or anything. It was if they were wiped off the planet of the earth. However In the story “The Crucible”, It was clear that the town took any and every accusation seriously. It even got to the point where others would accuse others to protect themselves, which led to more accusations and so on.
Throughout the period ranging from the late 16th to early 18th century, the witchcraft mania and trials dominated the religious, secular, and popular spheres of life. Within the mainstream popular beliefs in magic and the prosecution of such acts, there existed the few, but strong voices of skepticism. These skeptical works did stir up these popular beliefs; however, these opposing views did not generate much change. Where these views are able to clear a path towards to the decline and eradication of witchcraft trials is ultimately within the application of these views. While the authors and speakers from the skeptical texts written in the late 16th to early 18th century were interested in combating and reformulating the popular beliefs in witchcraft and its many faces, the major manifestation of their skepticism results in a critique of the process of witchcraft trials, their legal methodology, and their validity in a moral and reasonable society.
Those who claimed to know the future and weren’t prophets were convicted of blasphemy and witchcraft and were punished. It was considered witchcraft because fortune-telling required a direct relationship between a human or witch and unholy spiritual powers. During the Middle Ages, witchcraft in ecclesiastic or church courts was presided over by church-appointed officials. This may have caused biased opinions and also links to religion being a cause of the harsh punishment. In medieval judicial proceedings, torture was sometimes used as a means of extracting information concerning witchcraft, and confessions were not uncommon. Historical evidence states that many confessed out of fear of being tortured and not because they were truly guilty.
This article is about witchcraft and its different varieties of practices in different cultures. This article explains how witchcraft exists and plays an essential part in structural and functional aspects of a society. It also sheds the light on the journey of witchcraft from being profane and wicked to acceptable part of a culture.
The difficulty lay with Evans-Pritchard’s initial ethnocentrism in early observations, as there is little familiar cultural context to pull from with regard to the active role of witchcraft in day-to-day life. Evans-Pritchard also notes, “Witchcraft participates in all misfortunes and is the idiom in which Azande speak about them and in which they explain them.”
Robert starts the article with his involvement at a conference on child witchcraft in Kinshasa, where thousands of orphans are accused of witchcraft for their parent’s death, unfortunately, these accusations are supported by pastors and young children are abandoned to the streets. Then, he tells a case story where a man eventually discontinues in his faith after the death of his daughter with a suspicion that she was a victim of witchcraft by his uncle. Robert states that the Aguaruna people attribute even their misfortunes (apart from sicknesses) witchcraft. The understanding of how the witch power works may differ from culture to culture; however, they are united in the belief that when misfortune strikes a person, it’s a third party which has caused the misfortune through mysterious powers (p-4). Every death other than suicide or homicide are blamed to witchcraft and every such death is avenged and requires for an
There is an explicit connection between the prevalence, triggers, and impacts of peer pressure, anxiety, stress, and mental illness within women in society and the behavior of the victims and the accusers of the Salem witch trials. The evident yet radical patterns of past behavior of witchcraft coincides with today’s affiliated and acclaimed signs and symptoms of medical mental disorders and illnesses, leaving an aligned explanation of the victims’ and accusers’ fanatical behavior. Not to mention, the women were more likely than men to be affected by these mental afflictions, yet the women played the predominant role of being a victim of the evil spirit and the even accused of being a witch at the time of witchcraftery in Salem. In accusations
Even though the perception of witchcraft has changed from a normal social occurrence to practices to that have inherent meanings, the phenomenon still draws enormous controversy. The different opinions about the concept are based on peoples’ conceptions of reality and world as evinced by the historical interpretations of the same. Nonetheless, historians attest that witchcraft is a collective and contextual belief that varies from one community to another and influenced the way of life.
The concept of witchcraft and the belief in its existence has existed since the dawn of human history. It has been present or central at various times, and in many diverse forms, among cultures and religions worldwide, including both "primitive" and "highly advanced" cultures, and continues to have an important role in many cultures today.
As discussed in Irving Hexham’s book Understanding World Religions, belief in witches arises from the structure of traditional African beliefs (Hexham 2011, 65). Witches are thought to use psychic forces to inflict harm to people around them (Hexham 2011, 66). Belief in innate power is not a question and these powers may be used for doing evil (Hexham 2011, 67). Due to the possession of such powers locals have been fearful of witches and under the British rule of Africa, the practice of witchcraft was illegal and those accused were punished (Hexham 2011, 68). Witches were thought to cast spells which may cause illness and death, due to this reason traditionally convicted witches were burned alive (Hexham 2011,68). Such beliefs are carried on by generations and shape the worldviews of traditional Africans. These worldviews have a major influence on the lives of locals. Such beliefs caused the family of hope to abandon him, as they feared he might cause them more harm than good. Strong belief in witchcraft enables them to take actions that otherwise would not have been taken.
Witchcraft is a fascinating subject that comes out of many regions of the world. There have been time periods in which witchcraft was a prominent feature in society, and there has been times when it has died down. One of the most interesting things about witchcraft is how it has physically changed, how the concept of witchcraft has changed, and how people perceive and view it has changed over centuries.What many people do not know is that witchcraft is actually still practiced today in the US and all over the world. After a Religious Identification Survey by the City University of New York in 2001, it was found that Wicca, which is what current day witches call themselves, was the country's fastest-growing religion, with 134,000 people,
Witch hunting is a perturbing event that has taken place throughout the world. The idea of powers beyond human control and the interference of the devil into the lives of people are concepts that have been prevalent throughout history. In Africa, the notion of witchcraft and wizardry is still present and has in fact been accepted into Christianity as a valid explanation and the hunt for those who have entered into such Coventry has been encouraged in many African communities. Despite witch hunts being accepted as part of spiritual practice in Africa, they are indeed a tool used to prey on the undesirable and the weak of society as can be seen with case of hunts for child witches in the Niger Delta and the case of hunts for women in the Bantu tribes of South Africa.
Ordinary people see witchcraft as way for people to gain power and influence as well as being helpful to society, by making potions and fixing curses. Although some people feared witches because of curses, for the most part they were accepted in society. Intellectuals on the other hand thought that witchcraft was either power from the devil, or not real. The people that use these types of things are seen as “simple-minded”, “stained and perverted” by sin and the devil (Peters and Kors, p. 154). The witches were thought to bring misfortune by “destroy men, beasts, and fields, to spread great scandal, and to induce grievous errors” (Peters and Kors, p. 229). However, Thomas Aquinas’ view of magic was that “those who practice works of this kind,
Witchcraft is a term used to describe the belief and practice of magic. (Muscato) It can be found in a variety cultures and religion across history. In the Catholic faith, witchcraft is forbidden by God. (Witchcraft) “The evil eye is a most neglected topic in research on the ancient Israelite language and religion. Despite the ubiquity of this belief in the ancient Near East, some scholars still deny its existence in the Hebrew Bible. This essay attempts to demonstrate that the malevolent eye is attested in the language of the ancient Israelites. A cognitive linguistic analysis of several figurative expressions in the wisdom literature reveals that these were motivated by the conviction that the eye of certain people served as a magical instrument of harm. Especially noteworthy is the fact that the evil eye is ascribed to the black magician.” (Witchcraft)