What Is Warren County PCB Landfill

Compare and contrast the experience of slaves on tobacco plantations in the early seventeenth-century Chesapeake region with that of slaves on nineteenth-century cotton plantations in the Deep South. What forces transformed the institution of slavery the early seventeenth century to the nineteenth century?

In 1969 it was discovered that the site was leaching due to a lack of a bottom liner. The landfill was leaching volatile organic compounds (VOC), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and explosive landfill gases (LFG).

Plaintiffs assert that Defendants’ chemical land farming operation near their homes that are polluting the air violates Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 42 and Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Plaintiffs contend that these human rights violations are demonstrated by the fact that, (1) the Defendants failed to operate their pollution control equipment and (2) the Defendants did not acquire a permit from the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to store hazardous waste in Alsen, Louisiana.

The water and soil contamination is a result of Green Monster, Inc. was a result of gross mismanagement. Of the 551 barrels of benzene waste taken in by Green Monster, 549 were unaccounted for leaving uncertainty of disposal. In 1973 10,000 gallons of benzene containing soil was improperly disposed of by moving to a nearby unlined lagoon. Before closing workers noted repeated spills in the closed loop benzene processing line due to inadequate maintenance.

Throughout the operation and dismantling of the refinery, various types of wastes including cloth filters, fuller 's earth, oil sludge, contaminated soil, pesticides, heavy metals, and fly ash were generated and disposed of in two on-site landfills adjacent to the Genesee River over a 30-year period. The landfill area of the site consisted of a 9-acre Central Elevated Landfill Area, a 2-acre South Landfill Area, and a 1-acre sand and gravel area between the two landfills. The landfill area was located at the very southern end of

Prior to the late 1950s the site was used as an excavation pit for sand and gravel. The quarry was subsequently used for the disposal of waste materials from 1950 until 1966. 10 acres of the 28-acre site has been used as a disposal area for several hazardous waste contaminants that included volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, vinyl chloride and xylene; other organics such as phenols and PCBs as well as lead. The main area of contamination is in the southern half of the 10 acre area which encompasses about 6 acres which

Assessments began to take place in the mid 1980’s, shortly after the site made the National Priorities list in 1983. Relevant standards and guidance levels were used to measure the effect of the Helen Kramer Landfill. The initiation of the EPA’s remedial investigation and feasibility study deemed the nature of the Helen Kramer landfill as an extreme risk to the environment, characterizing the site “by randomly placed, uncompacted, and uncovered refuse, with numerous settlement cracks which vented methane and water vapor” (2). According to the EPA, several million gallons of chemical wastes and over two million cubic yards of solid waste were estimated to have been disposed of at the landfill (2). Studies were performed by the EPA, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, federal natural resource trustees in the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to evaluate the onsite and nearby environmental effects due to the landfill. During these studies, contaminants were detected in air, sediments, and aquifers, including high levels of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in the air and sediments. VOCS and heavy metals expose humans to carcinogens, developmental toxicants, and reproductive toxicants. The assessments also detected numerous contaminants such as (but not limited to),

The next Superfund that has greatly influenced the environment of Butler County is the Skinner Landfill. The Landfill is on 85 acres in West Chester (2). The facility was privately owned and was never actually licensed, so it closed in the 1970's (5). The landfill contains about 100 drums of chlorinated organics, and heavy metals. Along with the presence of the drums is the fact that a nearby lagoon was once used as a disposal for these contaminants, and that the site had problems with unauthorized dumping (5). Fortunately, no contaminants have been discovered leaving the site (5). The presence of these

Florence, South Carolina is known for having a rich history. It was named after Florence Harllee, the daughter of W.W. Harlee, the president of Wilmington and Manchester Railroad. It was developed as a railroad terminal and has been involved with many historical events like the American Revolution, the Civil War, and World War II. Because of its interesting history, many authors have begun writing informational articles to showcase it. And in the two articles that are provided, the authors have informed the reader about the birth of the city, its importance, and how it has developed over the years.

John-Manville Corp is the site of 150-acre asbestos disposal. Around 3 million cubic yards of specification products and wastewater sludge were disposed of at the site. They stopped operations in the site in 1998 and former manufacturing buildings were torn down in 2000-2001. Asbestos is the main problem, during clean up asbestos contamination was found outside of the fence line. Outboard Marine Corporation is on the north section of the Waukegan Harbor. It was an outboard-boat-motor manufacturing plant. The contaminants include PCB’s, OMC that are used in hydraulic fluids, and TCE. Yeoman Creek Landfill is on the northwest side of Waukegan. The landfill was open from 1959-1969. The landfill did not have a bottom liner and the soil was permeable. The liquid from the landfill contained chemicals with elevated concentrations of metals and ammonia. Gas from the landfill was detected off site. North Shore Gas North Plant has was contaminated with residuals the past plan operations. North Shore Gas South Plant includes 1.9 acre former MGP facility along Pershing Road and bordering areas where MGP residuals are now found. MGP’s are industrial facilities that produced gas from coal, oil, and other

The purpose of this paper is to explain the history of slavery in Colonial Virginia. Between 1670 to 1775, slaves from Africa were transported to Colonial Virginia from three main points on the Atlantic route; Africa, the West Indies, and other British colonies. Most of the slaves were expected to already know how to perform hard labor, speak English, and have the skills valued by the Europeans. Virginia and South Carolina were the two most receiving states in America. They only had a few slave trades during this time period.This paper discusses 17th century history of slavery and the impact of the slave trade in Virginia.

Supporters from New Jersey and around the Raritan Bay decided to take the problem to the government and protest that the factories/companies are responsible for this mess. The factories/companies that are the most responsible would be for polluting the Raritan Bay that threw their waste or extra products to get rid of it; those are responsible, don’t believe that they, but there are documents that prove that they are responsible. The townships near the bay, has decided to either get the factories to pay for the $79 million dollars to clean the bay or go to court for like $5 million dollars for the lawsuit. And of course, the factories don’t believe that they have caused this HUGE mess, they decided to go to court instead of taking ownership of the mess and clean the

In “Add title,” Professor Alan Imhoff conveys the significant influence that transportation has on the local economy. Several modes of transportation have been valuable in stimulating the growth of Frederick County. Of these approaches, waterways and railroads were indispensable.

In the 1920’s, the city bought the land at public auction, which became the municipal and chemical disposal site. (Beck) The city of Niagara Falls and The United States also participated in dumping garbage, military warfare material, and Manhattan Project. This was a disposal site for more than twenty years, until Hooker Chemical Company purchased the site for their chemical disposal. (Beck) In 1953, the Hooker Chemical Company filled the canal with twenty-two thousand tons of waste in barrels, which leaked, broke apart when being dump, and poured into the soil. (Gibbs) In addition, to avoid contaminants leaked to the top layer soil they would cover them up with cinders, ash, clay or loom to decrease the spill. (Gibbs)

One reason behind such methods was that before 1976 there were no laws that required corporations to treat or dispose properly the hazardous wastes that they produced. In the capitalist nation we live in these corporations did not see any incentives to properly disposing of hazardous wastes. This would take coming up with new processes, building new equipment, and doing a lot of research that would in the end just cost these companies millions of dollars. Such companies found it much easier to dump these poisonous chemicals in the ground or into waterways, thereby washing their hands of the problem. Another method was to hire out “midnight-haulers”. These people would load up their trucks with hazardous wastes and while driving let it leak out onto the ground.