What Is The Impact Of Trauma In Three-Day Road, By Joseph Boyden

The Cherokee were Stripped from their homelands and forcefully evacuated through a perilous journey from miles on end; this was due to the implementation of the Indian Removal Act in 1838. In Diane Glancy’s “Pushing the Bear”, the reader discovers how the Cherokee Indians overcome their hardships and flourish into a new, thriving community during what is known as the “Trail of Tears.” In this novel, the audience observe how these Cherokee Indians outlast the harsh environment after the Indian Removal Act. Additionally, Glancy creates a human experience during the Trail of Tears; giving a different perspective of various characters. Through the eyes of characters such as Maritole and Knobowtee, the reader can sense the desperation that the

The Strongest Blood tells the story of two cousins in an Indigenous setting, living in the Northwest Territories. Anyone who has read The Strongest Blood knows how it centers in on the teachings of Indigenous peoples and the struggles and conflicts that they face involving their land, spiritual beliefs, and economy. Van Camp’s extensive use of literary techniques directs the spotlight on the two major themes of Indigeneity, and economical conflict while creating an interesting environment for the reader.

-The central story is of Niska's early adolescence. It is the winter during which she enters puberty. Her Oji-Cree Anishnabe clan of roughly 30 people still live near Hudson's Bay, in the wilderness. The winter is a harsh one, with few animals to trap and eat. They are reluctantly forced to consume a young hibernating bear, who they regard as a spiritual brother (38). Niska's father, a medicine man and a spiritual leader of the clan, argues that they have no choice but to eat or starve (37). Nothing it should be added, is to be wasted.

The book named Three Day Road by Canadian author Joseph Boyden depicts real Canadian historical events during the first World War. The story of war and violence is told through the eyes of Xavier, who is a Cree boy, and who volunteers for the war. Xavier’s very close Cree friend Elijah, who he has grown up with, has also volunteered for the war. A lot of the book is about their adventures as children and also about their circumstances during war as Cree men. The other parts of the book are told by Niska, Xavier’s aunt who had raised both Xavier and Elijah in the wilderness. Niska throughout the book talks about her past life as a windigo killer, and the hardships she experienced that in return, shaped her into the strong woman she has become.

In the epigraph, both Elijah and Xavier are hunting, but also constantly thinking of ways to impress Niska. Examples where this is shown are when Xavier says “Auntie will be proud”, and Elijah says, “Your auntie will be impressed.” The achievements they accomplish all go towards a common goal, to gain the approval of Niska. It is a part of the Cree culture to honour and cherish family relations, and the epigraph showcases clear evidence of Elijah and Xavier staying true to their heritage by wanting praise from the one who raised them up. However, as Elijah’s time in war stretches on, his morals stretch to opposite ends of a spectrum as well. Auntie and Cree are replaced with the Western World. The audience sees the transformation of Elijah from wanting to impress Niska in the epigraph to wanting to impress the world throughout the novel. He goes from having a solid foundation in the First Nations heritage to wanting to conform to the crowd. Elijah is willing to take this to the extreme by gathering the scalps of the soldiers he has killed in order to impress those around him. A role reversal takes part as Boyden switches Elijah’s desire of impressing Niska into Niska’s desire to impress Elijah. Niska states that there is something about Elijah that makes you want to impress him, giving us insight into his charisma and character. The epigraph showing Elijah’s morals and values changing is crucial

Xavier Bird, Elijah Weesageechak, and Niska are three Cree Canadians in the fictional novel: “Three Day Road” by Joseph Boyden. Three Day Road revolves around Xavier and Niska recalling their memories as they make their way home after Xavier is done fighting in the Great War. the novel deals with many topics such as being a cautionary tale of war and how it can turn a man into a monster. However, it also touches on topics that seem to be forgotten in the modern world such as Canada’s treatment of Aboriginals. The racism and assimilation against Aboriginals in "Three Day Road" negatively affects Niska, Elijah, and Xavier by leaving haunting memories, changing their behaviour and world-view.

In Susan Farrell, the author of “Just Listen”: Witnessing Trauma in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, mentioned “...all theorists agree that the process of recovery from trauma must involve a narrativization of traumatic event--putting a sensory images into words in order to integrate trauma into a person 's life story” (186). However, without reading Cathy Caruth’s Trauma, readers will not understand that not only integrating trauma into a narrative will help them recover but it also allows the witness apprehend their flashbacks into meaning. Flashbacks, although are taunting, has the most vivid images compared to narrated memories. For one to remember a highlight or a significant moment, one must preserve it as a flashback. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien convert his flashbacks into narrative memories allowing himself and readers to comprehend his experiences, but O’Brien also added flashbacks into his memories create the most graphic images for the readers.

The Highway of Tears is a series of unsolved murders and disappearances that happened on highway 16 in British Columbia. These murders are significant because the victims all are Aboriginal women. This road has caused devastation to several families throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. This essay will examine this mystery in further

Elijah is characterized by his desire for praise from the other soldiers in his battalion. Having learned English in residential school, Elijah quickly adapts to the ways of the wemistikoshiw, even adopting a British accent and changing his last name to appeal to his comrades. If you consider the windigo-esque attitudes of the European settlers, this could be foreshadowing his grisly fate. To cope with the stress and guilt, Elijah medicates himself with morphine. When he’s high, the euphoric effects cause Elijah to feel superhuman and confident on the battlefield, becoming “the invincible hunter. . . using his osprey’s vision to spot the enemy” (212). Basil Johnston, a Chippewa educator, has described the windigo of oral storytelling as “gaunt to the point of emaciation, its desiccated skin pulled tightly over its bones.” Elijah has also become thin and hollowed out, trading food for the sustenance of killing and morphine. Having the power to eliminate someone brings forth a sense of energy that “fills his belly when it gnaws for food” (200). Elijah morphs himself into a ruthless killer to ease the effects of the war on his conscience, and in the end, he is squandered by it. After his windigo transformation, Elijah is unrecognizable even to his own childhood friend Xavier.

Throughout human existence, mankind has had to overcome difficult obstacles in order to prosper. In Diane Glancy’s “Pushing the Bear”, the reader discovers how the Cherokee Indians overcome their hardships and flourish into a new, thriving community. In this novel, the audience observe how these Cherokee Indians outlast the harsh environment during the Indian Removal Act. Additionally, Glancy creates a human experience during the Trail of Tears; giving a different perspective of various characters. Through the eyes of characters such as Maritole and Knobowtee, the reader is able to sense the desperation that the Cherokee endured. The upheaval of being forcefully removed from the land stripped the Cherokee of their identity. This disruption left the Cherokee confused, causing frustration to arise because they were unable to live their familiar roles. Men were no longer able to farm. Women had a loss of property and wealth. The bear symbolizes these struggles throughout this novel. Maritole explains, “The bear had once been a person. But he was not conscious of the consciousness he was given. His darkness was greed and self-centeredness. It was part of myself, too. It was part of the human being” (183). In other words, the “bear” is the personal dilemma each character is put up against during this removal. Furthermore, each character has their own personal struggles to overcome; whether that be Knobowtee’s loss of masculinity or Maritole’s loss of family. These struggles,

“The drink had me snared. I spoke less and drank more, and I became the Indian again; drunken and drooling and reeling, a caricature everyone sought to avoid,”(Wagamese,181). This stomach-turning quote displays what several First Nations thought their identity to be. With this in mind, to begin, “Indian Horse,” by Richard Wagamese is a somber and intriguing novel, with many thought-provoking points within the book. To illustrate this, the book follows a First Nations boy through his youth to adulthood. It is filled with traumatic events, depressing stories and even a few joyful moments. In addition, the novel takes place from around 1960-1980 throughout Ontario. Furthermore, this essay will explore several events and factors which impacted, Saul, the main character's identity.

With the application of imagery, the reader can illustrate a representation of the situation. Many disapproving glances from the white society, meanwhile, this is also shown to be genuine as the result of the author using symbolism once more; a coyote. The significance of the coyote in relation to the story is generally depicted on page three with references such as “ She had known that it hadn't been a matter of animal stupidity, because a coyote always remembered where it had came from” with the extension of “ She thought of the coyotes hanging around in the cities these days. Nobody wanted them there, so nobody made friends with them, but once in awhile they made the papers when they did something wrong or showed up, trotting along Broadway, cool as could be”. Physical objects such as the door and the coyote exhibited unmistakable bond between the overall round and protagonist character, Lena and the objects itself and the author. As a matter of fact, Jeanette Armstrong is a person who grew up on the Penticton Indian Reserve which heavily explains why the story was written in third person; the connection between author and protagonist was more personal.  The fact that nobody wanted to be friends with Lena and used the stigma of First Nations being viewed inaccurately by modern society.  No matter how

It will be important to conduct the trauma based assessment as early as possible. However, it is vital that a therapeutic rapport be established with the client before proceeding in asking questions regarding the trauma. It takes time for a traumatized individual to trust and be willing to disclose their experiences. When it is felt that the client is ready it is important to let the client know that they have the right to not answer questions. It is important to discuss why we are asking the questions and ensuring the client that we have their best interests in mind and can provide them with a safe and secure location to work through the trauma.

She also triggers these suspenseful feelings by using crows instead of another animal as crows are commonly portrayed as omens of death or dark witchcraft. This choice of animal is clever also because, although she could just have easily used an ‘unkindness of ravens’ which are also an omen of death, the collective noun ‘murder’ has much darker and dangerous connotations. Hodkin also uses metaphors to represent the characters’ feelings. One example of this is during Mara’s nightmare when the book says “I uncurled my fingers to reveal what was inside. It was Noah’s heart.” For Mara’s character the nightmare is a depiction of one of her greatest fears - that she will cause Noah’s death – however that is not all it represents. Noah’s character has spent the majority of his life feeling alone and empty but on meeting Mara this changes and he falls desperately in love. The dream is also a metaphor for how he has given himself over to her and, for the first time in his life, he feels vulnerable

Trauma occurs when a child has experienced an event that threatens or causes harm to her emotional and physical well-being. Events can include war, terrorism, natural disasters, but the most common and harmful to a child’s psychosocial well-being are those such as domestic violence, neglect, physical and sexual abuse, maltreatment, and witnessing a traumatic event. While some children may experience a traumatic event and go on to develop normally, many children have long lasting implications into adulthood.