Week Three Lab Report: Earthquake

Complete this week’s lab by filling in your responses to the questions from Geoscience Laboratory. Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are encouraged to answer others from the text on your own.

D. P-wave amplitude is larger than all the other seismic waves recorded on a seismogram.

Complete this week’s lab by filling in your responses to the questions from Geoscience Laboratory. Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are encouraged to answer others from the text on your own.

An Earthquake that registered 7.8 on the Richter Scale which lasted approximately 1 minute caused catastrophic damage to the City of Berkeley and LPHG. As a result of the Earthquake 31

17. Plot the earthquake data from the region associated with the Peru-Chile Trench from Table 1 on the right section of the graph paper, using a dot to represent each data point.

At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. If only two earthquake recording stations are used, the circles will overlap at two points. Data from a third recording station will eliminate one of these points.

From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission.

Thank you, Ms. Leona Graham (mayor), for the opportunity to provide an assessment report for Hazard City. This report will provide an assessment on structural damage of an Intensity IX earthquake, and emergency housing needs. It will also identify actions homeowners can use to help prevent future structural damages, and give more information on possible effects of an Intensity IX earthquake. The assessment report will identify danger of a failing dam, and provide further understanding of the elements which will include an emergency plan. The table that follows is an assessment of the number of people needing emergency housing due to an Intensity IX earthquake.

The soil and biotic/abiotic features of the park vary greatly depending on the area of park being studied. The volcanic rock that underlies the

California is due to be hit by an earthquake with an high magnitude of 8.0 comparable to the 1906 San Francisco 7.6 earthquake.

A stratified sampling method was chosen due to the changes in the hillslope profiles being localised in areas over small intervals, this method was efficient and representative of the full range of changes. A limitation of this method is that choosing the sections was subjective, in order to decrease the subjectivity and any bias that may be present, the same person chose the sections each time. Time was one of the main constraints in this enquiry therefore we chose to use the clinometer-tape method rather than levelling all the way up the hillslope as it was a much simpler approach and took less time to set up and undertake. In some narrow sections the hillslope had a small angle, being almost flat, an explanation for this is the area of Cowside Beck is a popular tourist destination for walkers so footpaths were present. In some of the sample sections, no evidence of mass movement was observed. However in other areas, mass movement is the key to understanding the shape of the hillslope. Numerous sample sites contained terracettes, which is an explanation for the slope having concavities and convexities in close proximity to each other. These landforms are formed by the mass movement process of soil creep. Soil creep is a very slow process that occurs when the underlying rock becomes saturated and in turn causing the soil to become saturated. Often the hillslope is steep so the soil cannot remain stable and gets thrust away from the slope. The material expands due to processes of freezing, heating and water action and the soil slowly creeps downhill due to gravity. The concentration of the terracettes in the earlier sites nearer to the river can be explained by the water table lying some distance up the hillslope so the river lies below the water table. This causes the soil in this area to become more saturated and heavier hence more soil

Galtür had been always mapped in 3 different hazard zones by computer modeling with avalanche simulation: red zone; yellow zone and green zone. In red zones construction of any kind should be forbidden. In yellow zones certain safety measures apply and strict building codes are enforced. Although the threat of avalanches is present the buildings were constructed in such a way that people should not be harmed.

Earthquakes rank as one of the most devastating natural disasters that can occur, causing damage to multiple facets of society. Earthquakes can cause major damage to vital infrastructure, cost human lives, and trigger other events that can cause even more destruction. Throughout history, earthquakes have caused millions, even billions of dollars of damage to cities and towns alike. Much of the destruction resulting from earthquakes is a product of poor design against seismic loads and forces. However as we have become more educated about what causes earthquakes and where they come from, we have been able to better fortify our structures to resist such forces, and have been able to

A 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck Japan at 12:25 p.m. local time Thursday, which was 9:25 p.m. Wednesday (PST). Its epicenter was reported 32 miles southeast of Shizunai, Japan. There were reports of at least two injured. Due to the earthquake, some airports were temporarily closed as runways were inspected. Officials also inspected a nuclear power plant and reported no problems. Railroads were inspected, again with no abnormalities reported. No tsunami threat was anticipated in the Pacific Ocean. There was a threat of avalanches and falling rocks in the northern region of Japan.

On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab 4 Answer Sheet electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed in the Course Schedule (under Syllabus).