Weeds Vs Rapa

Competition happens between two or more things. In talking about plants they compete with each to survive. When competing against each other to survive they are using soil, water, nitrogen, and space. In using theses resources and having theses available gives the plant a greater chance in living. Even though plants compete environmental wise it is still scene that there is a lot of unknown to why plants compete. Some researchers believe it could be because of the root size of an individual plant or the size of the seed, which gives it better competition in surviving (Miller, 1995). Different types of competition can happen between plants likes intraspecific and interspecific competition. Miller (1995) believes there is not enough research shown to make a determination as to why competition between plants happens and that there should be research done in looking at the evolution of plants in different environments where they can compete with each other. In looking at competition in plants in class the experiment that we conducted looks at the Brassica rapa in a intraspecific competition in different densities. Miller (1995) found that the B. rapa in intraspecific competition did have increase in the number of flowers that were produced. Comparing this to the finding of Miller, when looking at different densities of plants in a interspecific competition could the B. rapa have more of a change in growth because a higher density will have more seeds and the B.

A plant's growth ability is dependent on its ability to acquire the resources it needs to survive. Competition such as interspecific and intraspecific, limiting resources, and population density affect the fitness level of a plant. This experiment was conducted in order to test the capability of collards and radishes to grow in manipulated densities under interspecific and intraspecific competition. I hypothesized that both collard and radish plants will grow more efficiently in single species pots under low-density conditions. I also hypothesized that in the mixed species plots the radishes will be more fit to survive and grow better than the collard plants in both the high and low-density pots. Both high and low density and single and mixed species plots were planted and results were observed. There was a significant

For both interspecific and intraspecific competition the radish did its best however at the lowest density of 32. (Figure 1) These results did support our hypothesis that the lower the density the better the growth and the radish would thrive better at intraspecific competition however was refuted with us predicting that wheat would do better in interspecific competition. These results can possibly be explained by the idea of density-dependent growth meaning that as you increase population, resources such as light, soil, and water decrease and vice versa (Walsh and Walsh 2015). Also a possible explanation for our results is that the radish shoots were longer, taller, more in number versus the wheat shoots that were short, broad and few in number. The theory of allocating more roots if the there is less sun and bigger shots if there is less nutrient rich soil is shown in the experiment of intraspecific and interspecific competition of beans, in the end that beans that had more competition and the soil was poor had bigger leaves at the expense of its neighbors (Mania et al.

Since organisms living in communities form interdependent relationships, a change in the abundance of one species will not only affect the physical and more direct interactions, but could indirectly affect the number of other species within the community as a consequence (Wootton 1993). These indirect affects rise because the interactions between pairs of species are not independent of other species, such as increasing the density of vegetation may increase the survival rate of the prey, reducing the intensity of the interaction between the predator and prey (Wootton 1993, 1994). An

Within communities, organisms compete for limited resources (food, space, mates, shelter). 613 of our native species (plants, birds, fish), compete with 240 introduced plant species, 19 introduced bird species, 9 introduced mammals and 2 amphibians. It is estimated that we have lost 30 native bird species due to this competition.

Repelling Invader, addresses invasive, alien plant species that threaten native species and ecosystems in Hawaii. Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) and Miconia calveescens (velvet tree) are two notorious invasive species to tropical islands. Strawberry guava is known to form monotypic stands in native forests that displace native Hawaiian species and spread by the means of seed dispersal and asexual reproduction. The velvet tree possess the ability to germinate in minimal light, grow through holes in the forest canopy, and outcompete neighboring native plants for sunlight. Site managers are currently combatting these invasive plant species by the means of mechanical and chemical control methods, however many of times the plants regenerate. Biocontrols that host on these foreign plants in their native land are currently being tested for host specificity so that the biocontrol exclusively attacks the target plant and not the native flora. Before the establishment of biocontrols regulations, there were numerous mistakes including the introduction of the mongoose that attacked native Hawaiian bird populations instead of the alien rat population. Now there is a structured process to screen biocontrol agents for host specificity

While Ralph Waldo Emerson believes a weed "is a plant whose virtues haven't been discovered" weeds are "a wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants." When a plant or animal is physically moved by humans to an environment whey they didn’t naturally occur they are known as introduced species, also called alien species. Introduced species have been a vital aspect in the fight against biodiversity loss, controlling of invasive species and adaptation to climate change. An introduced species can be an essential part of conservation when a native species that plays a significant role in an ecosystem becomes extinct. However, on the other hand, introduced species can be immense, insidious, and usually irreversible.

Coccinia grandis is a common invasive plant species found on Hawaii (KISC, 2015). This vine-like plant displays broad, flat leaves with star-shaped white flowers, and is characterized by chili-like red fruits (Fox, 2008, p.D8). According to Fox, C. grandis (also referred to as 'Ivy Gourd') is native to parts of Southeast Asia, India, and Africa, and it is likely that this hardy (and hard to eradicate) plant found its way to the Hawaiian islands as a hidden passenger on immigrants from these areas. It is well established that C. grandis is a harmful invasive species posing a threat to native Hawaiian plants and ecosystems in direct and indirect ways. Despite the plant's negative effects on Hawaiian plants, however, research has shown that C.

For example, the cross-pollination of these edited plants to weed species could lead to a complete takeover in an ecosystem, not unlike the effects of kudzu. Likewise, the fact that these plants are so resistant to natural threats could easily lead to occurrences not unlike those regarding invasive species, where non-native plants replace native plants in the local ecology. It could even be said that much of an area’s specific tradition could be lost to the growth of these new crops, as the people in these areas would no longer depend on the native crops, instead adopting the agriculture of Western society. This potential annihilation by plant life is a prime example of takeover by technology, not unlike the story of “The

“As biological novelties to the ecosystems, GM crops may potentially affect the fitness of other species, population dynamics, ecological roles, and interactions, promoting local extinctions, population explosions, and changes in community structure and function inside and outside agro-ecosystems” (Gertsberg, 2011).

An invasive species is any kind of living organism that is not native to an ecosystemand usually causes harm to the ecosystem (National Wildlife Federation, 2014). Native species have not coevolved with the invasive species and may not have the ability to deal with the introduced species (Holway et al. 2002). The Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) is a relatively aggressive species of ant native to South America. It was introduced on multiple occasions into the United States in the early- to mid-1900s (Callcott et al. 1996). Since then, it has spread to the very borders of its geographical climate tolerance, and through acclimation, hybridization, and the effects of global climate change, has managed to extend its range much farther than experts ever anticipated. It is now the subject of much research, as it has impacted not only ecological communities but the agricultural economy as well. It is estimated that RIFA have an impact of around $6 billion a year due to control, medical treatment, and damage to property (Lard et al. 2006). Agriculturally, Red Imported Fire Ants can cause financial damages in a number of different ways including eating various parts of the plant or causing the disruption of machinery. (Collins and Scheffrahn, Last Accessed 2014)

Nature it’s a war for resources out there. Such as there’s limited space, nutrients, water, and light. Some plants will coexist if they can but if they can not it’s going turn into a competition see who’s the most fit. How do plants compete? For example, some plants will grow larger leaves to capture more sunlight while other plants will have more refined root systems that will absorb more water and nutrients faster than their competitors. However, there are some plants are so desperate to come out on top that they will kill any other plant that stand in their way be a biological warfare. Allelopathy is a biochemical that secrete from plant that would influence or inhibits the growth, germination, survival, and reproduction of other plants

Cheatgrass is the common name for the species Bromus tectorum L. and belongs to the grass family Poaceae (USDA 2015). This invasive plant was originally reported in eastern North America but now it is dominant in the Intermountain West (Huttanus 2009). The genetics of 192 North American populations of Bromus tectorum is studied so far (Huttanus 2009). Cheatgrass grows mostly in coarse texted soils whereas it cannot develop in saline or compacted soil (USDA 2014). In addition, it can invade rapidly in troubled areas such as burned areas, overgrazed rangelands, and cultivated fields. The spreading of the plant to shorter distance occurred as a result of transportation of hairy seeds by wind, birds, water, and to greater distance by vehicles carrying seeds in its undercarriage (USDA 2014).

An invasive species is a species that comes out of its natural environment, and enters another. These animals are usually very bad for the ecosystem and may cause an unbalance. These animals usually come in with many competitive advantages and can easily dominate any competition. This will give them the ability to eat as much as they would like without being threatened in any way. This could possibly diminish many populations and end an entire ecosystem.

Ross, MA & CA Lembi. 2009. Applied Weed Science: Including the Ecology and Management of Invasive Plants (3rd Ed). Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. USA. 561 pp. ISBN 0-13-502814-0