Chlorine is the 17th element on the periodic table, and at -34 degrees Celsius and above it becomes a yellow gas that is fatal to humans. The use of chlorine gas as a poison on the battlefield came quickly after the start of World War One. It’s has been heavily influenced by politics, and sometime politics fails to limit harmful uses. To this day weapons grade chlorine gas is stockpiled and occasionally used despite multiple United Nations (UN) restrictions and international agreements. A political solution is needed to keep chlorine for only beneficial uses.
Chlorine is a halogen gas, and one of its characteristics is that it bonds with nearly every element, and for that reason it was difficult to discover initially. In 1774 a Swedish scientist
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On April 22 of 1915 German forces used chlorine gas on troops in battle. At the second battle of Ypres, German forces placed cylinders containing the pressurized gas on the front line. The Allied soldiers believed the cloud of gas to be a smoke screen for a German attack. These soldiers held their position and among the estimated 15,000 soldiers that came in to contact with the gas 5,000 or so died as a direct result. (Marrs, T., & Maynard, R., (1996) Chlorine gas was optimal for the trench warfare of World War One because it is 2.5 times heavier than air and seeped into low points on enemy lines where the troops were often dug in. Additionally pressurized gas cylinders could be placed on allied lines as well as launched from artillery shells and even thrown as gas canisters resembling grenades. The Allied forces responded to the German gas attack by using gas in Loos in September of 1915. The British forces deployed gas using pressurized cylinders similar to that of the Germans at Ypres. However on parts of the battlefield the wind changed direction blowing the gas back into the faces of the Brits. Chlorine gas and similar gases developed later in the war accounted for 91,000 fatalities on the battle field. (Poison Gas and World War One. (2014.) This statistic does not take into consideration the deaths happening years after the war due to long term injury from the …show more content…
The Geneva Protocol effectively banned the use of “asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of all analogous liquids, materials or devices.” (Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War, 1925, January 1)Since then several UN General Assembly resolutions have been made regarding the Geneva Protocol, and today it casts a far larger net over what cannot be used in armed conflict. In 1997 the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was formed. Today 187 nations making up 98% of the world’s population are a part of the
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I just came back from a battle near the city of Ypres. The German forces launched 5700 canisters of chlorine gas at the Allied forces. You could see the yellow-green clouds of gas rolling towords our lines. It was devastating. The gas affected over 10,000 people, killing half of them. The cause of death was asphyxiation. The Algerian forces retreated, and the Germans moved forward to fill the gaps, albeit cautiously. They stopped after only 3.25 kilometres and dug in. That allowed us soldiers to recover. We fought all night to try and close the gap. Then came another gas attack. Their target was us, the Canadian line. We were suffocating, so we covered our faces with urine-covered handkerchiefs.
Poison Gas/Chemical Warfare usage, while not harming physical structures preventing the collateral damage of homes and buildings, causes a high casualty rate in all living things. It is indescriminate and robs life equally be they related or not to a target of military or strategic importance. Gas usage has been widely considered uncivilized, but the French resorted to its usage in August, 1914 during the first World War in an attempt to rout the Germans. Unfortunately, the Germans were the first to give gas warfare serious development and it became used extensively before the war was over. On the battlefield it prooved effective in eliminating hostile threats in an inhumane way, but this does not make it morally acceptable. In more recent times ISIS has been reported to using Poison Gas in Syria against both military and civilians in an indescriminate manner. This sort of attack ignores international laws as well as inhumanely cause widespread harm. In this day and age, this sort of attack is unnecessary and is why it was outlawed in the first place even back during the first World War.
In Four Weeks in the Trenches, Austrian soldiers Fritz Kreisler details how soldiers used trenches to protect themselves from bullets, shells, and shrapnel (Document 3). The use and development of trenches was a major change in warfare throughout WWI. The innovation and use of poison gas in WWI indicated the increasing willingness of nations in the early twentieth-century to achieve victory by killing as many of the enemy as possible. As rifle technology and artillery advancements made killing the enemy easier, nation-states sought further technological development in the art of slaughter. An anonymous account of French soldiers’ first encounter with poison gas while facing the Germans at Ypres, on the western front.
Chemical warfare was starting to gain momentum during the First World War After using less than ideal equipment from the British against German forces, the United States needed to gain an edge for fighting into the future to increase their chances at mission success. The United States gained experience with chemical weapons from the First World War and after transitioning from World War I to World War II various improvements were made to enhance the capabilities of the Chemical Weapons Service. Colonel Lewis McBride was directly responsible for changing the Chemical Weapons Service and helped in securing America’s ideals; taking the United States into the future with new and improved chemical weapons technologies.
The first World War has been reported to be one of the most brutal wars in the history of time for many reasons. One of those reasons was strategic usage of chemical warfare. Chemical gas was used on both sides of the line, which turned out to be fatal for many. World War I was mostly fought in the trenches, where soldiers lived in deep, v-shaped holes or underground bunkers. Both sides would occupy these trenches in order to escape from the constant stream of bullets. These battles often ended in a standoff, or tie, which helped the introduction of a different, brand new style of fighting that included the use of chemicals. These chemicals had a range of
The gases used in World War I included mustard gas and chlorine gas. Chlorine showed its effects on the soldiers much quicker than mustard gas did. With mustard gas, after a while, one could see blisters forming on their body, and not soon after in their throat making it difficult to breathe (Briggs). Suffocation is one of the worse ways to die because one would suffer for longer. Poison gases’ inhumanity caused an antagonistic effect on the war because the only thing lethal gas has proven is that the only thing important in war is murder and not resolving issues.
On April 22 the Germans sought to remove the Salient by introducing a new weapon of modern warfare- poison gas. Following an intensive artillery bombardment, they released 160 tons of chlorine gas from cylinders dug into the forward edge of their trenches into a light northeast wind.4 “As thick clouds of yellow-green chlorine drifted over their trenches the French
In 1925 Geneva Protocool became huge becuase those in the part war wanted to avoided such a deadly war again. 38 Countires signed this agreemnet “that prohibited the use of ‘asphyxiating, poisonous or or other gas’ in warfare” (“Chemical Warfare: Does the use of Chemical Weapons warrant immediate US intervention?” 2). People belive that with out this being set in place that World War 2 wouldve been much more deadly then it already was. This shows the effect of signing the Geneva Protocool and the world leaders had learned from the bad and moved forward from then on out so they became “reluctant to use chemical weapons during World War II than they did during World War I” (“Chemical Warfare: Does the use of Chemical Weapons warrant immediate US intervention?” 3). Despite the effort of the Geneva Protocool it wore off “During the Vietnam War, the US military sprayed herbicide and other chemicals, including agent orange, over the Vietname countryside” (“Chemical Warfare: Does the use of Chemical Weapons warrant immediate US intervention?” 3). Overtime the protocool wore out but it did have some great effects and helped for a few years after it was
There are many types of chemical agents that can be used for a variety of effects. Most are not meant to be lethal, but most chemicals at high concentrations can be lethal.
Bebop is a style of jazz that was developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States. Bebop was developed during the 1940’s and is one of the most artistic styles of jazz music. The word Bebop focused more of the freedom of creativity rather than rhythmic aspects. The word bebop is an onomatopoeic of a staccato two-tone phrase distinctive in this kind of music. Bebop also gave soloists more room for improvisation. Bebop differs from the composition of the swing era and is characterized by fast tempos, asymmetrical phrasing, intricate melodies, and rhythm sections that expand on their role as tempo-keepers. It appeared to sound racing, nervous, erratic, and fragmented. To jazz musicians and music lovers, bebop was a beautiful revolution in the art of jazz.
Chemical warfare, while horrible, proved to be unwieldy and unpredictable, and relatively easy to counter. After some limited successes against unprepared opponents, the use of chemical gas had very little tactical benefit; the recognition of this limited utility is that after widespread use in 1915 - except for the short-lived effects of the introduction of mustard gas in 1917 - gas was abandoned by both sides as an effective tactic.
Frist of all, in the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans introduced the first use of poisonous gas. When poison gas first introduced it was a popular weapon choice and would be the weapon to change the outcome of the war. The Germans surprisingly attack the Allies, where the used lethal chloride gas against them. The gas was deadly and killed over one thousand soldiers. (1) It also allowed a significant advanced for the Germans in the war. The gas usage continued to grow throughout the war. In the end, many Allied countries started chemical weapons research. Gas warfare became common but effective actions were used to protect the troops. After World War 1, poison was use for a while but in today’s war it is no longer allowed. Instead of poisonous gas, chemical warfare is used. Chemical weapons come in a variety of forms and are used for several different techniques.
There are several different types of chemical weapons and they all have different effects on their victims. All the effects being extremely
Temptation has been around since the conception of our Earth. All civilizations, including the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans, the British, and even modern day individuals, have fallen victim to temptations that the world offers. John Owen described temptation as “a knife, that may either cut the meat or the throat of a man; it may be his food or his poison, his exercise or destruction.” A temptation is an act that appears enticing to an individual, but is usually coupled with damaging implications that may lead to feelings of regret and remorse. A person may fall victim to temptation when he lacks the self control to avoid enticing situations and is