Warlord Era Research Paper

Manchus were the one that took control of China after the Yuan (which was the Mongols) and established themselves as the Qing Dynasty. It is also this dynasty that the modern Chinese started. Around the 18th century, the Qing was at its height. However, by the start of the 19th century until the early 20th century, the Qing Dynasty started going downhill with domestic political and foreign policy problems. Within the nation, there were continuation and changes to the traditional Confucian system; Furthermore, there were rebellions due to foreign competitions that lead to the end of the Qing Dynasty.

Between the years of 1927 and 1949 in China two warring sides, China’s Communist Party and China’s Nationalist Party, clashed. Although the two parties had previously worked together in the United Front against Japan when Japan tried to invade, their temporary alliance was dropped as soon as the invasion was over. Halting only for a brief period when Japan attempted to invade a second time in 1936 to form the Second United Front, the two parties resumed fighting after the invasion was over in 1945, and only stopped hostilities when the Communist party drove out the Nationalist party to Taiwan and other islands. This war brought China into a new era under a communist government, the People’s Republic of China. Massive reform and change would

2.Hallenbrook, Christopher. "The Qin and Han Dynasties: The Flexibility and Adaptability of Military Force and Expansion." Accessed September 30, 2016. http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=undergrad_rev.

during the Zhou Dynasty, China was experiencing a great deal of political turmoil. A major part of this era was called the Period of the Warring States. It was a time when there were numerous wars that occurred due to the conflict that existed between seven states. (Watkins, 2013) These warring states were the Han, Wu, Zhao, Chu, Qi, Yan and Jin. According to Jerry H. Bentley and Herbert F. Ziegler of the book Traditions and Encounters, “This period forced some people to reflect on the nature of society, and the roles of humans beings within society.” The authors continued saying that it forced others to “identify principles that would restore political and social order.” (Bentley & Ziegler, 2011) The principles of Confucianism were established and followed in order to help the citizens of China to live and govern their communities more efficiently. Through Confucianism, Confucius helped legitimize China’s rule and bring about order in the mist of turmoil. The effects of Confucius’ principles are still seen and felt today in many aspects of modern day Chinese society. Veritably, there were points throughout Chinese history where Confucianism affected almost every aspect of life in China. Confucius has impacted the development of Chinese thought and culture in various ways from education to politics, to familial relationships.

China has changed in certain ways and remained the same in others from the early Golden Ages to the late 1900s. China has experienced a series of cultural and political transformations, shaping the lives of many Chinese citizens. Culturally, the country’s art and literature hardly changed for almost eight hundred years. Along with their culture, China remained politically the same from the beginning of the Golden Ages all the way until the 1800s. On the other hand, China’s government and society were restructured after new leaders took over. From a monarch to total communism, China’s society had a multitude of new ideas and policies they had to adapt to.

Also, rather than organize in units of ten, “Conscription and Professional Soldiers in Song China” shows that China’s army of the time was instead organized into two separate

The Qing dynasty (1916-1912) is the last imperial dynasty of China, it was consider as the most powerful country during the “golden age” ruled by Kang Xi and Qian Long, and it has over 400 million population and has the 1st ranked GDP in the world at the moment. The Qing has the supreme power at the time and has the significant influence in East Asian. However, the collapse of the Qing Dynasty made a humiliate history of China. The Qing dynasty doesn't fall suddenly, and the collapse of Qing is not just simply because domestic revolution and alien invasion. The failure of the Qing government is worthy to study, we need to take a deep step and explore the root cause of the collapse of Qing.

Before Qin became emperor, the government system was not fair. He improved it by ranking officials according to their achievements and abilities. Instead of having status because of family, soldiers would be promoted

I agree to a larger extent that the Qing Government was primarily responsible for causing the Taiping Rebellion. However, other underlying factors leading to the Taiping insurrection cannot be ignored. This essay will discuss how corruption in the Qing bureaucracy, the incompetent leadership, the closed mentality of the Qing Government, shortage of land and impact of an alien Manchu regime highlighted the Qing Government as the main cause of the rebellion. The essay would also include the other causes of the rebellion, such as the opium war and natural disasters.

Previously, during the Zhou dynasty, the feudal system defined social and political order and allowed regionalism to overwhelm the central government. This enabled the empire to disintegrate as feudal lords gained more local power, eventually giving way to the Warring States Era (36-37). The Qin dynasty abolished the feudal system and set up “thirty-six commanderies governed by nonhereditary appointees who were responsible to the central government.” These governors remained loyal to the central government and did not hold enough power to threaten it. Shi Huangdi, with his adviser Li Si, also established a strict Legalist government that ruled China with an iron fist. Thus, with the aristocracy having lost much of its power and commoners now freed from serfdom, the central government imposed the law upon all subjects equally

According to the article,Liu Bei: China’s warlord who teaches good management, “ Early in the third century, China’s mighty Han empire collapsed. From the wreckage emerged three kingdoms and competing warlords with an eye to the throne”(page 1). It explicitly states that in the story, the warlords battled each other. Some people even say that even on Red Cliff (place of battle), it is still charred black and still has headless bodies from the war.Again, the same article states that there is a famous and a notable warlord,“ The government is struggling to suppress a rebellion by peasants called the Yellow Turbans.It is forced to do what it hates to do:outsource troop recruitment; and that gives an opportunist called Liu Bei his big break”. In fact, there are warlords battling for the

The Qing Dynasty relied heavily on the effectiveness of its fighting forces. However, due to corruption and loss of skills the military began to crumble. Militarism, the use of army for political advantage, became very influential for a large

The officers in the army took cuts from the soldiers’ pay. Many high-ranking army officials also embezzle the public fund that was supposed to be distributed to the military. Because the military officer took a cut from soldiers' pay, this caused the officers-soldiers relationship to be extremely rocky. Therefore, when the critical moment arrives and the soldiers are required to go out and fight for the country. The soldiers will disobey orders from the officers and this will ultimately end in disaster for the Qing

The People. In most parts of China, the Communists were able to win the suport of the majority of the local population. This was a massive advantage when advancing into territories.

Both parties, although worlds apart, had a common foe that diminished the power the central government had; these enemies were the warlords. The warlords were powerful men who ran regions of China like independent nations. Each party on its own could not have defeated the warlords, who had their own armies and vigilante police forces, therefore the two parties had to team up and out their political views aside to defeat their adversaries. After the success of the march north (1926), which saw all the warlords either defeated or surrendering, the CCP and the Nationalists parting company in the bloodiest of fashions.