Wage Inequalities

This cultural and societal shift has set forth us to question more than just marriage equality. We are now faced with redefining roles and most importantly the power and control these roles possess. Who will be considered the ‘bread winner’ in a lesbian marriage? Who will now take the role of the stay at home mom in a gay marriage? And furthermore, when considering a lesbian marriage, who then will become a greater financial contributor to the economy to help in maintaining the capitalist machine? Even further, how will this effect the gender wage gap?

The pay gap between genders exhibits sexism in America yet some researchers are in denial. Warren Farrell, expert on gender issues within legislation and former board member of National Organization for Women, claims otherwise. In his book Why Men Earn More, he attributes difference in wages to females choosing human resources jobs, which pay less, and not choosing harsher jobs that pay more (Farrell). His overall point is that men sacrifice more thus companies pay more for those sacrifices. His argument only compares the genders when different job requirements alter wages, but does not mention wages of identical jobs.

There are various perceptions of gay and lesbian couples that they represent a more egalitarian relationship. (Civettini 2015:1) However, when same-sex couples are observed there is still a tendency to believe that the relationship contains a masculine and feminine figure following the heterosexual model. So, it is necessary to address both how these couples deviate from society’s norms as gay individuals but might still be reproducing the same behaviors as heterosexual couples because the ideologies are so deeply rooted in social institutions. The stereotypical connotations of masculinity and femininity influence all aspects of American society and gender display relies heavily on meeting those given expectations. So, in the case of this article, the author Civettini views a connection between sex, gender, and sexual orientation when it comes to displaying

Jones observe (2002: 15). In these ways, institutionalized heterosexuality is central to some of the key motivation(s) behind and design of public policy frameworks in the United States. By “institutionalized heterosexuality” I am referring to the set of ideas, institutions and relationships that make the heterosexual family the societal norm, while rendering homosexual/queer families “abnormal” or “deviant” (Ingraham 1999). My queer analysis of social welfare involves examining how sexuality and gender can be rethought and reorganized in economic and social policy frameworks, theories and practices. Throughout the article I examine how heterosexuality is assumed to be the natural basis for defining the family, and by extension, society, both explicitly (by excluding LGBT people from the analysis and by stigmatizing certain individuals as “non-family” or “anti-family”) and implicitly (by assuming that all people are heterosexual, that marriage is a given and exists only between a traditionally-defined man and woman, and that all people fit more or less into traditional gender roles; see Foucault 1978; Fraser and Gordon 1994; Ingraham 1999; Phelan 2001;

First starting in the 1920’s and all the way through the 1970’s there was a plethora of court rulings and government action to curb and prohibit sex discrimination on all levels in America, but according to Rosenberg, unfortunately, there is still “A particularly depressing measure of the lack of progress in the difference between the salaries of men and women”(Rosenberg 2008, 207). Places with real change are due to the fact it was congressional and executive action, not court action. Rosenberg points out that even during the year of 1987 after two decades of court action the position of income between the two sexes was the same as it was 30 years ago(Rosenberg 2008,208). Rosenberg notes that even the median incomes between women with college

The closer you look into the world, the more secrets you will unlock. If you were to look closely in world history, you would see racism and inequality. If you look in art, you can see racism and inequality. Inequality has not been eradicated, there is still a heavy divide between races in our nation, the United States. As article one stated, 88 percent of blacks believe the nation still needs to make changes to benefit equality, but 43 percent do not believe these changes will occur. Different races have different views on the changes for equality. Article 1 states the 53 percent of whites believe the nation needs to change to aid the fight for equality. The other 47 percent believes that the country has changed enough to support equality.

institutional racism, wage inequality, feminization of poverty, and generational poverty have posed the greatest barriers to overcoming urban poverty in the United States. Systemic racism negatively impacts equitable opportunity in education, housing, employment, debt, health care, political representation, and immigration, while at the same time supporting a justice system that disproportionately punishes and incarcerates persons of color. Wage inequality prevents workers from earning a livable wage (with insurance and sick leave), depriving families the stability to provide food, shelter, and a sense of financial security, requiring household earners to work multiple, low-paying jobs without set schedules and benefits, keeping families from

The Wage Gap is unfair and it needs to be fixed, women should have the same equal rights as men. Women can have the same job as men, work the same amount of hours and still not receive the same amount of pay which is simply wrong. The Wage Gap is not fair for women, how much pay that you receive should not be determined by your gender. Women make 79 cents for every dollar earned by men, the wage gap for that is 21 percent. The Wage Gap is the difference in pay between two people.

When a woman buys a cup of coffee at the coffee shop did it ever occur that she is spending more of her money than the man next to her? It's not because the coffee shop is sexist, or she bought something more expensive. It is because of a thing called wage inequality, and this thing happens most between men and women, even when society tries to stop it. Wage inequality negatively affects women in America. This changes how people perceive the ideas of women's living. For example the way confidence affects the way women get jobs, or the whether or not she lives with children, or if she is married. Even if this illegal there is still this kind of segregation between genders in America.

Women and minorities would also benefit from the increase wages, as it will close the gap in wage inequality. According to Economic Policy Institute, “The Raise the Wage Act also would help closes the gender wage gap. Not only would more women than men get a raise under the bill, but because women are especially concentrated in the very lowest-paying jobs, they also would see the largest increases in their pay.” (December 2013, Cooper) As a result, women and minorities would have advantages to an increase wages, as it will make them feel that they are getting fair pay for their work.

The article I choose was The Division of Labor in Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual New Adoptive Parents written by Goldberg, A.E., Smith, J.Z, & Perry. The article explains the benefits of same-sex marriage becoming adoptive parents. There actually a better result for the kids in this setting. The kids will grow with a different idea of gender roles growing up and have better profitable future. The author concludes that parents with same-sex can share the housework and child care than relating to sexual orientation. We also found that lesbian and gay male couples had paid labor patterns, in which expected gender differences did not come too. For heterosexual couples, women were more common to become the primary caregivers and in charge of the house work. Sexual orientation and gender roles can work without the need of a man in charge the family. That he brings the money to the household and that’s his work is finish.

The idea that men make more than women at the same jobs simply because they are a different gender has been an active point of discussion over the past five decades. The issue has spread to almost everything that has any connection to the working world. Even the United States government feels the need to acknowledge this issue by putting things such as “she earned seventy seven cents for every dollar that he earned” on the White House website. This seventy seven cent statistic is what the corporate world today refers to as the wage gap. The wage gap compares all of the full time men’s earnings and all full time women's earnings averaged together. This idea of unequal pay had not really gathered steam until the early nineteen sixties when the Equal Pay Act of nineteen sixty three was passed (Understand). Even though the Equal Pay Act required that all workplaces give equal pay for equal work, men were, and still are, making a larger average earning than women. This is one of the most repeatedly talked about topics in the business world, and because of the controversy that comes along with it. There are many good points and suggestions that have been made over the past decades to fix or forget the issue all together, but none have successfully put both sides to rest. The truth is that the wage gap simply

The article “Evanston representatives, University employees join hundreds marching for union rights, higher wage” by Kristina Karisch, published in The Daily Northwestern relates directly to our current studies, in what happened in the past and now. Even today, just like before workers in Unions protest for higher wages and the right to unionize. Today, just like in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s there exists a wage disparity that is ever increasing, America is richer than ever, yet only 1% are benefiting from this ostensible prosperity, with the gap between the rich and poor ever increasing, and the middle class slowly slipping away. This income inequality stems from the fact that while the value of the dollar changes due to inflation, they

Brashier, Hughes, and Cook pointed out there is a difference between lesbian and heterosexual couples. The want to measure the wellbeing, social support, and satisfaction of dual income couples that is either lesbian or heterosexual. There are not a lot of previous studies on this subject, but they found that heterosexual women tend to do all the household chores, while lesbian households divide the chores. Lesbian women experienced less conflict than heterosexual women. Friends are more important than family for lesbian couples, but it’s the other way around for heterosexual couples. The hypothesis for this is that lesbians who have dual incomes would experience greater domestic communication than heterosexual women in dual income

This paper will shed light on the discussion regarding lesbian women. Although LGBTQ+ women’s rights are a subset of the larger women’s rights movement, the broader movement often ignores and under-represents these issues. While this essay explores the lesbian wage premium – the finding that lesbian women make more money than heterosexual women – including its influences and extensive implications on the broader women’s movement, I must note the difficulty in exploring this topic. At this time, the data and literatures regarding LGBTQ+ women are murky and incomplete at best. Working with these limitations, in this paper I will first argue that the lesbian wage premium exists. Then I will draw on previous literature and explore four predominant