Summary In the article “Visual and Statistical Thinking: Displays of Evidence for Making Decisions” the author Edward R. Tufte discusses why visual representations are very important when presenting data or statistics. Tufte provides two examples of situations where the way data was displayed had a major effect on the outcome. In the first scenario, Tufte writes about a 1854 cholera outbreak in London. A man named John Snow helped end the outbreak by effectively plotting the cases of cholera on a map with all local water pumps marked. The conclusion that cholera is transmitted by infected water was discovered with the help of his map. In the second example, Tufte writes about the Challenger explosion. The accident was avoidable, but …show more content…
The main goal of the article is to convince people that effective visual representation is important. He does this by discussing two case studies. The first case study is about a cholera outbreak in England. John Snow effectively plots each cholera case and each water pump on a map. This made it clear that cholera is spread by infected water. This case study is an example of how an effective visual representation of data can make the data more useful. Tufte uses this case study very effectively to help push his narrative, because it makes it provides an example of how a good visual representation helped control the spread of a deadly disease. If the data was not plotted in the way that Snow plotted it, the disease most likely would not have been controlled for much …show more content…
The explosion was caused by rubber O-rings in the booster rockets that failed due to the temperature. The engineers from the company that designed the rockets tried to warn NASA, but their data is not charted and was flawed. The data listed the temperatures of a small handful of launches and the damage done to the O-rings for those launches. The goal of the data was to show that colder temperatures cause more damage to O-rings, which would cause the rockets to explode. NASA was able to poke major holes in the data when they were able to show that there was also damage done on a warm day. They convinced the engineers that the rockets would not be at risk during this launch, even though it was the coldest launch to date. However, the rockets failed and seven astronauts were killed. Tufte shows that if the complete set of data was presented on a line graph instead of a select set of data being presented in a table, it would be obvious that the O-rings were likely to fail. Tufte also uses this case study effectively because it shows how this major tragedy could have been prevented if the data was displayed differently. Overall, Tufte used these two case studies effectively to make his position clear. Tufte could have used another case study but using more than those two would have had diminishing
During the tenth mission, low temperatures the morning of the launch resulted in the O-ring seals in the right booster becoming faulty. As a result, exhaust began leaking into the rocket during liftoff. Just 73 seconds later, all seven astronauts aboard died due
Adding a picture or a graph to an essay or story can dramatically change how the reader views the writing, it also may change how your reader understands the idea behind your writing. In the Newsela article written by PBS Newshour called “Wild Hurricane Season for Atlantic Seaboard: Irma to come Calling” there is one picture of a hurricane, however the picture doesn’t explain anything about it. If I were to add a diagram to help the readers better comprehend I would add it in the section called Major Hurricanes could form in Atlantic. In the first paragraph of that section it states that “Hurricanes lose power when winds near the ocean surface blow at one speed and direction while winds in the upper atmosphere blow another. This difference
Visualizing the scene of this tragedy proved to be an effect strategy Beller used to illustrate his tone. The visualizations the author provides generates the specific ideas Beller wants his readers to recognize: “The whole street paused, froze, screamed, and some people broke into tears, many people brought their hands up to their mouths, everyone was momentarily frozen, except for the ashen guy, who just kept walking¨ (Beller, 62). This perception of the crowd creates an image in readers minds. With that image accepted, readers can more fully grasp Bellerś chaotic tone.
The lack of power was from the extensive power use during the period after the explosion and the electrical problem in the wiring. They were able to deal with this by shutting down many systems to get the amperage lower that the rate they are getting from the batteries. The lack of heat came from this issue as well. They were forced to shut down the heaters when they lost lots of electrical and fuel power. This caused great discomfort for the astronauts and it could have impacted some of the equipment on board. The explosion also caused a guidance issue due to the thrust coming from the explosion, the loss of some systems dealing with guidance, and the loss of aerodynamics. Aerodynamics were lost by losing an entire panel and potentially having parts of the spacecraft protruding into space. This caused a very high use of fuel to navigate, especially when done on manual calculations. In any way you look at it, the explosion was definitely the source of all problems on this
The problem David McCandless is addressing in this ted talk is how to deal with information overload. His solution is to create a visualization of the data. Visualization and organizing the material can help us see patterns and connections that will help us concentrate and understand the valuable information. McCandless presented multiple diagrams that provided visualizes for different topics throughout the video.
“People only see what they are prepared to see” is a famous quote by Ralph Waldo. This quote emphasises the fact that the purpose of a text can often be unnoticed and misinterpreted by the viewer. Many people only have a limited world experience, and it’s the Distinctly Visual feature of a text which allows the viewer to gain a better understanding. Distinctly Visual texts use a combination of techniques to create and shape an audience’s point of view or interpretation, and visualising a text requires the responder to interpret all of the images presented.
Ben Davis had just completed an intensive course in Statistical Thinking for Business Improvement, which was offered to all employees of a large health maintenance organization. There was no time to celebrate, however, because he was already
Application Visual aids, such as presentations and projects, allows readers and viewers to better understand the themes and importance of topics. I chose to fabricate this project over A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley because it demonstrates the important themes and depicts the life-changing symbols in the book. Each object signifies an important theme or symbol in the novel. When Harold bought the red tractor it pushed Larry to proffer his corporation to his daughters.
Grey and Citron present their argument by examining the use of technology to collect and analyze large quantities of data gathered from
The language choices that are used in this writing pander to the audience by the use of the scientific terms, historical references and the facts in history. There is quite a lot of information in each sentence making them much longer than usual. The use of the math in the reading helps explain the graphic design.
Lee Brasseur’s article, “Florence Nightingale’s Visual Rhetoric in the Rose Diagrams” offers an insight of the practice of information design, through the work of Nightingale. In the Victorian era, during which women have played a subordinate role in the political world, Nightingale has successfully persuaded the British government to reform the army sanitary and management systems. Firstly, Nightingale uses rhetoric tools to address a problem --the poor treatment of soldiers in the field hospitals. Secondly, she provides an extensive analysis of the problem using statistical and comparative methods.
In November of 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger launched for its voyage it broke apart in the atmosphere after 73 seconds; because the O-rings could not hold at the cold temperatures. This was an issue brought up by scientists and later
The material was kept at the lowers levels of the decision making process (“The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster,” n.d.). This infringes upon NSPE Code II.3.1. It states, “Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current” (“Code of Ethics,” n.d.). The information regarding the hazardous temperatures was applicable to the arrangement of the launch, and it was not reported to levels I or II at NASA management (“The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster,” n.d.).
He explains the process of building a hospital in Rwanda, a hospital in Butaro, a system to clean medical waste in Haiti, a birthing center in Malawi, an educational center in Congo, and a University for the deaf in the United States. Murphy explains how in the hospitals, cleaning system, and birthing center the hygiene alone heals the patients as well as the members of the community through helping build the buildings. By Murphy presenting those projects of his, he provides reliable information to validify his argument. In most cases writers, or speakers, use statistics to prove an argument or to back up his or her claim, but Murphy takes a different approach. He presents the information not to appeal to the statistical side of proving an argument, but Murphy provides his proof through the examples of architecture he shows the listener. Murphy is very successful in using this approach to get across the importance of his purpose in this
When we came up with a decision to fix a problem the stimulation had a visual graph to use that examined different metrics of how our choices affected sales, workers, the cost and the company and whether the decisions would be successful or unsuccessful. This visually allowed us to see the outcomes to our decisions and gives us more experience for the future decisions and way to succeed in our goals.