Essay on Validity of Waterlow Scale

Assessment of a patient is key in preventing a pressure ulcer from occurring as well as keeping a pressure ulcer from getting progressively worse. A history of the debilitated patient can often determine the cause and risks. Some risk factors include bed rest/immobility, incontinence, diabetes mellitus, inadequate nutrition/hydration, and altered mental status. (Ignatavicius, 2013) Nurses must meticulously assess a patient history to determine the severity of developing an ulcer. The Braden Scale is a widely used tool for predicting a patient’s risk for developing a pressure ulcer. It uses 6 categories that include sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear and rates the risk of 1-4 for each category. A patient with a score of <11 is at severe risk, 12-14 puts a patient at moderate risk, and a score >14 is at low risk. (Ignatavicius, 2013) When physically assessing a patient, the nurse must inspect the entire

A study done by Kaycee M. Sink, M.D., M.A.S., of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center and

The nurse sensitive indicator is measured by The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI). Pressure ulcer prevalence is one of the nurse-sensitive indicators measured. It’s branched into community acquired, hospital acquired and unit acquired. Through unit base pilot testing, the data is able to be collected and measured. This organization has a skin committee who goes to each patient in the hospital with a pressure ulcer and assesses the condition that’s reported back to the committee for further analysis. They also have developed a new position in the hospital that consist turn team members. These individuals are staffed throughout the hospital 24 hours a day and turn each patient that’s on the turn team list every two hours.

As we know pressure ulcers remain a tremendous problem in hospitals . it is distressing event for patient which affect quality of patients life and debilitating problem in health care. It cause suffering for patients and connected with high healthcare cost due to prolonged hospital stay and nursing care. Pressure ulcer are recognized as a patient safety problem and is a quality indicator of nursing care.

Pressure ulcer is a common geriatric syndrome seeing in patients suffering from acute and chronic illness. Pressure ulcers can be acquired while in the hospital, long term care facilities or in the home. Personal definition of Pressure ulcer is an injury to the skin and underlying tissue due unrelieved pressure and other factors, including by not exclusive to decreased tissue perfusion, excess moisture, and shear and friction. The NPUAP defines Pressure Ulcer as “injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/friction” (NPUAP as cited in Stonelake, 2015, p. 2). Pressure ulcers can be regarded as negligence and poor nursing

The study was a pilot Randomised controlled trial in treating grade III or IV pressure ulcers. The study of location was within the area of NHS Leeds. Moreover, this was a two-centre, which was community and acute, where those who were included in the study must receive primary care through Leeds Primary Care

The skin can be disruptive at any moment a of a person life time. This disruption can create a potential complication such as infection, hemorrhagic to name a few. These complications increase the risk for generalized illness and death, lengthen the time that the patient needs health-care interventions, and add to healthcare costs. Pressure ulcers, wound caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue, are one of the most common skin and tissue disruptions and are costly in terms of healthcare expenditures. Nursing responsibilities related to skin integrity involve assessment of the patient and the wound followed by the development of the nursing plan of Care, including the identification of appropriate outcomes, nursing

In the United States of America, pressure ulcer is a vast issue for the healthcare business. Countless researches proved that pressure ulcer decrease the life span of a person and causes a greater distress for the hospital in regards to high cost and lowers the hospital image in healthcare industry. “Cost of treating a single full-thickness pressure ulcer is as high as $70,000 and total cost for the treatment of pressure ulcer in the U.S. is estimated at $11 billion annually (HAPU, 2012)”. Therefore, it is a greater concern and domineering to control pressure ulcer which requires an inventiveness for the healthcare professionals and the patients. So it is required to implement a plan and educate the health care

The four data collections that the article outlined was the skin assessment tool, PU staging, Braden risk assessment scale and the SOFA score. I believe that the information that was provided in this article is both reliable and valid. I say this because for majority of the details that they provided in this article they had other resources that supported their statement. This article is consider reliable because the researcher was company by a trained bedside nursed when each participant skin was assessed (240). Furthermore, all 4 methods that was collected in this article each provided enough information to determine the range, meaning and scoring. The first data collection that was mention in this article is the skin assessment tool. I think that the skin assessment tool is consider as a nominal measurement because it explains what type of skin assessment was done. The second data collection that was mention is the PU staging. I also think that this measurement is consider nominal because the authors only provide information about how the PUs were identified. The 3rd data collection that was mention were the Braden risk assessment scale. I believe that this was an interval measurement because they provide the readers with a number that was followed by an brief explanation of what category that number was placed into. The last data collection that was presented, was the

The Braden Scale is standarted accepted tool to help nursing staff in nursing homes and acute cate hospital hospitals to assess the person who may at high risk for develping pressure ulcers. In hospital or nursing home setting, the braden scale work as to remind to nursing staff to take care of this part of patient's skin evaluation and helps in preventive measures can be properly recommended.

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are important health complications usually happening in the setting of severe sickness and high care need. Pressure ulcers once were measured as known evil that escorted any lengthy hospital stay. They are painful, socially intolerable and costly, and are considered to be a key pointer of the quality of nursing careLiterature search

Patients’ experiences are another key point in the critical analysis and understanding of pressure ulcer. But not many studies have been done on the impacts on patients’ quality

The main purpose or the goal of clinical care is to restore or maintain health. But unfortunately, the iatrogenic injuries can occur sometimes. All the pressure ulcers are not iatrogenic, but most are preventable. In developed countries, pPressure ulcers are one of the most frequently reported iatrogenic injuries. Inappropriate care methods, such as leaving vulnerable patients in potentially damaging positions for long periods of time, or massaging reddened areas of skin, often remain in practice long after evidence has shown them to be harmful or ineffective. Education is critical in ensuring that all members of a clinical team act to prevent and treat pressure ulcers according to the best evidence available. The most recent definitio The

○ Disease severity measurement scales and quality of life measurement scales are not recommended for routine clinical practice 1

Pressure ulcers and other diseases such as malnutrition, incontinence and falls are internationally regarded as quality of care indicators. Nosocomial incidents associated with these conditions should not develop when under the care of registered health care professionals (Maylor, 2006). Measuring the client's clinical status is the first step in finding out about the quality of care delivered. The most straightforward way to do this is by measuring the prevalence and/or incidence of specific indicators. The University of Maastricht has been running a validated programme (LPZ, National Prevalence Care problems) since 1998 that measures the prevalence of internationally accepted indicators in the above mentioned areas (Salcido, 2006). The programme has been tailored to the New Zealand health care system under the name of National Survey Care Indicators New Zealand (NSCI-NZ).