Vaccines Research Paper

Vaccinations have been actively used for over 200 years now and have been effective for over 200 years as well. Western medicine’s introduction to the practice is said to have occurred within the eighteenth century, when a traveling British aristocrat, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, reported her observations of Turkish children being injected with pus from smallpox victims. Although this practice seemed quite harsh, most of these children would contract only a mild version of the illness. In return, these recipients would retain a lifelong immunity to this terrible disease (World of Microbiology & Immunology). Similarly, in the United States, a Puritan minister by the name of Cotton Mather learned about inoculation from his African slave, Onesimus. Onesimus claimed that he was inoculated with smallpox pus and never caught the tragic disease (Williams). This type of medicinal treatment was initially rejected by most Western practitioners. They felt it was a dangerous and barbarous practice, but vaccination gained a tremendous amount of support at the turn of the nineteenth century when English physician Edward Jenner created a new smallpox vaccine derived from the relatively mild cowpox virus (Riedel). There’s no doubt that history has shown the positive outcomes of immunization and continued to show them as technology and medicine progressed.

In the book, “Survival of the Sickest”, Sharon Moalem forms the basis of how vaccine originated to become a way of combatting the most dangerous diseases in the world. It began with a discovery from a man named Edward Jenner, a doctor from Gloucestershire county in England, where he began to understand a strange pattern when people who were immune to cowpox were struggling with smallpox and vice-versa. He started to test his findings through a small experiment where he injected cow pox into a group of young children and he was surprised to see that their bodies built immunity towards smallpox and supported his findings on the bizarre immunity of people towards either the smallpox or the cowpox but not to both. The rest of the chapter explains complex concepts

The history of vaccinations begin with Edward Jenner, the country doctor from Gloucestershire who found, growing on cows, a nearly harmless virus the protected people from smallpox. Jenner’s vaccine was safer, more reliable, and more durable than variolation, and it is still the only vaccine to have eliminated its reason for being-in 1980, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease extinct. For nearly a century and a half, smallpox was the only vaccine routinely administered, and it saved millions of lives . But the controversy that marked the return of the vaccine, amid bioterrorism hysteria in 2002, was only the latest twist in the remarkable, mysterious life of vaccines.

Mandatory vaccination continues to be a contentious subject in the United States, even though extensive evidence proves inoculation prevents certain diseases. According to A. Plotkin & L. Plotkin (2011), the evolution of the first vaccine commenced in the 1700’s when a physician named Edwards Jenner discovered that cowpox protected individuals from one of the deadliest diseases termed smallpox. The precise virus Jenner used is unclear; however, it was espoused in the extermination of smallpox worldwide. The researchers further explained, the unearthing of the subsequent vaccine known as chicken cholera occurred approximately 80 years later by Louise Pasteur. Ever since, copious vaccines such as rabies, yellow fever, varicella, pneumococcal, mumps and recently HPV have been introduced.

As Ezekiel Emanuel, an American oncologist said, “Childhood vaccines are one of the great triumphs of modern medicine. Indeed, parents whose children are vaccinated no longer have to worry about their child’s death or disability from whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, hepatitis, or a host of other infections.” For millions of years diseases have plagued entire populations, and in the late 1700s, Edward Jenner invented the smallpox vaccination which brought about a new era of disease prevention. Vaccinations should be enforced because they save lives, rarely cause reactions, and have eliminated diseases.

Pamela, to be a volunteer is not an easy task. It is very important to know the things that will be needed before embarking on a journey to the medical mission trip. It is just like a common trip to anywhere in the worlds where one have never being or travel to, one need all the necessary commodities to go with, along with up-to-date vaccination which is very essential and vital for safety. No matter what one pack for a journey, at times it will not be enough to use and that is when it is important for nurses and other health personnel to know how to manage materials and also have an ideal on how to improvise in order to perform medical procedure. In a situation when one encounter an accident and there is no medical materials or equipment

Growing up we are always told, “Make sure you get your flu shot!” That leads to the question of where did vaccines come from? As a society we have benefited from vaccines for over two centuries. However, the road to proper vaccines hasn’t been an easy one. In 1796 Edward Jenner, a doctor located in England, performed the first vaccination. The need for this vaccine was because milkmaids from around the country were becoming infected with cowpox. Based on his findings from this vaccine and several others, Jenner published a book that would later become a classic in the art of medicine. This book was, Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccine. According to authors Alexandra Minna Stern and Howard Markel, this text laid the foundation for modern vaccinology (Stern & Markel,

It was Edward Jenner’s challenges and work lead to what is now called the Smallpox Vaccine. However, it wasn’t until the 19th century that people started to accept the idea of vaccines and utilize them as a form of preventative treatment. Vaccines were vastly different from variolation in many ways. We were able to get all the benefits that were associated with variolation with out the side effects that were connected with them. Second hand diseases had the capability of being spread from person to person through variolation. This in turn produced a fear for second hand diseases that could arise from variolation. This problem was also found with vaccines, which, will be discussed later on. However, vaccinations didn’t mean we had lifelong immunity to the disease we still need to be revaccinated. Strands from the vaccine need to be shipped in order for other countries to use reap the positive benefits (Fenner ea. atl.,

Until the development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796, inoculation using the live smallpox virus was the only way to protect people from the deadly disease. Those inoculated had a chance of contracting the full virus and potentially dying from the disease. When Edward Jenner discovered that he could use a similar disease found in cattle, he began the modern era of vaccination (The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 2015). Over the next 200 years, smallpox was essentially driven extinct by vaccination programs. Due to vaccines, a disease that killed an estimated 300 million people in the 20th century alone now only exists in a Center for Disease Control laboratory. (Flight, 2011).

According to the World Health Organization, a vaccine boosts the body’s immunity to a particular disease through the administration of an agent that resembles the disease-causing microbe, which is often composed of the diluted or dead microbe, its toxins or proteins. The agent rouses the immune system identifying it as foreign, destroys it, and then remembers it so that the immune system can easily recognize and destroy these same microbes in the event it encounters it again. It is often said that the first successful vaccine was developed, introduced and administered in 1796 by Edward Jenner to prevent the spread of smallpox. However, evidence points out that the inoculation of smallpox existed in China in 1000 C.E. and was later practiced

Vaccinations have been around for centuries, keeping our family healthy without the spread of infectious diseases that could be potentially fatal. Over the years, vaccines have played a great role in eradicating diseases like the deadly small pox infection and soon polio. The discovery of vaccines has greatly increased health of those across the globe. However, children, especially young children, who have not built up their immune system yet, are more vulnerable to infectious diseases that has the possibility to spread infection quickly from person to person. Like children, though, the elderly have a weakened immune system which can be potentially fatal if they were to get an infection. To decrease the spread of infections, vaccination of

Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and

May 14th, 1769, over two-hundred years ago Edward Jenner, a country doctor, came up with a theory that would later on be a benefit towards our population. Edward took an eight-year-old boy and scratched him with a fluid filled blister from a cow. As a blister popped up on his skin, Edward concluded it was cowpox. He later treated the young boy with a vaccine for smallpox, that resulted in no disease. The vaccine was deemed a success and led doctors to embrace Edwards approach. Since then there has been a decline in cases that involve the disease (History.com). It has been nearly two centuries later and vaccinations is a very controversial topic in American society to this day. In order to prevent and avoid spreadable diseases, people of

The story of vaccination began with Edward Jenner, — a doctor living in England — who in 1796 developed the world’s first vaccination (D. Baxby). Vaccines give people a small dosage of the microorganism that causes the illness (the pathogen). When the immune system recognizes the pathogen, it produces antibodies which remain in the body and fight active forms of the sickness in case the person is to become infected with the disease (Grolier Educational). They were necessary in Industrial cities as they were frequently full of people surviving off noxious diets, working prolonged hours and living in confined, poorly built homes. This weakened their immune systems therefore leading to erroneously affected health as transmittable

From our perspective, the world is one big place with well over 8 billion people calling it home. And in order for an event to have an effect on every one of those homes, it must be truly extra ordinary. A prime example of an event that had that type of impact is the invention of Vaccines. And this is why…