The Moon - Introduction
Its hard to imagine the history of Earth without our Moon. For as long as man walked this Earth, the Moon served as "lesser light for the night" and faithful time-piece. The phases of the Moon were used to help guide the Harvest, or help determine the time of the river floods.
How our Moon came to existence is still under speculation. There are several possible scenarios:
Fission Theory - the Earth spinning so fast during early formation that a piece broke off forming the Moon
Capture Theory - the Moon formed elsewhere passed close to Earth and was captured
Co-Creation Theory - the Earth and Moon formed and evolved together
Collisional Ejection Theory - a large piece impacted the Earth and broke off pieces of the
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The light areas are lunar highlands. The dark features, called maria, are impact basins that were filled with dark lava between 4 and 2.5 billion years ago.
After this time of volcanism, the Moon cooled down, and has since been nearly unchanged, except for a steady rain of "hits" by meteorites and comets. The Moon's surface is charcoal gray and sandy, with much fine soil. This powdery blanket is called the lunar regolith, a term for mechanically produced debris layers on planetary surfaces. The regolith is thin, ranging from about 2 meters on the youngest maria to perhaps 20 meters on the oldest surfaces in the highlands.
Unlike Earth, the Moon does not have moving crustal plates or active volcanoes. However, seismometers planted by the Apollo astronauts in the 1970s have recorded small quakes at depths of several hundred kilometers. The quakes are probably triggered by tides resulting from Earth's gravitational pull. Small eruptions of gas from some craters, such as Aristarchus, have also been reported. Local magnetic areas have been detected around craters, but the Moon does not have a magnetic field resembling Earth's.
A surprising discovery from the tracking of the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft in the 1960s revealed strong areas of high gravitational acceleration located over the circular maria. These mass concentrations (mas-cons) may be caused by layers of denser, basaltic lavas that fill the mare basins.
In 1998, the Lunar
craters. The smaller moons of Saturn, are mostly rock and ice, and are heavily cratered.
and sediments has shown something incredible. It contained clues to how Earth and the Moon formed as well as the history of the Sun. The scientists looked for what life would be like if humans could live on the moon. The Apollo 11 mission brought back the first geologic samples from the Moon back to Earth. Astronauts collected twenty-two kilograms of material which acquired samples of the lunar "soil," fifty rock samples and two core tubes which was found below the moon’s surface. All the samples was not composed with any water which provided no evidence for living organisms in the Moon's history. They figured out that there was volcanic activity since they
“Even if scientists wanted to make something like a Moon rock by, say, bombarding an Earth rock with high energy atomic nuclei, they couldn 't” (Phillips). In addition, Phillip C. Plait agrees with Tony Phillips and comes to the same conclusions. For example he states there are no stars in the picture because, “The stars are too faint to be seen in the images” (Plait 159). However, unlike Tony Phillips, Plait explains the scientific reasons in depth. He claims astronauts have survived the incredibly high temperature of the Moon due to simple date counting. He explains, “Moon spins on its axis once every 27 days … [which] means … two weeks of sunlight and two weeks of darkness… the surface doesn’t heat up the instant the sunlight touches it…It takes days for the lunar surface to get to its high temperature…” (Plait 166).
The planned path of the Slider will allow the team to observe the elemental makeup of various aspects of the moon, including the surface, interior, and gases comprising the cryovolcano plume. The mass spectrometer will detect the amount of these life-supporting elements present in each of these areas.
The origin of the Moon is, with quite certainty, one of the most bewildering matters that scientist still attempt to uncover. Although there is a certain theory that is currently favoured, Wizard and Muggle Astronomers from throughout the world are aware that this mystery is still not yet fully uncovered.
Mostly every planet in our solar system has some traces of iron that can be found. But the moon is unique, because there is little to no iron on the moon. The Moon has an abnormally low density compared to the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), indicating that it lacks high-density iron (Giant Impact Theory For Moon Formation Boosted 1). The density of the moon is 3.346 g/cm3, while the Earth is much denser at 5.52 g/cm3 (Cain 1). The moons low density correlates with the Giant Impact
This is the theory that the moon condensed from the same whirling cloud of dust that created Earth. The window backups this theory "Because the proto-moon was so close to the proto-earth the nebular material out of which they both formed ought to be very similar, composed mostly of rocky material rather than volatile gases." (The Co-Formation Theory). If this were true why are there so many differences between the Earth and the Moon. Secondly, the Capture Theory.
In the full moon phase the side of the moon that can be observed from earth becomes illuminated by the sun n its entirety. Lastly, the aforementioned illuminated portion begins to shrink or wane and thus the moon is considered to be in the waning gibbous phase, meaning that the illuminated portion is constricts in size or diameter every day.
One primary goal of space exploration is astrobiological. Using lunar geology to determine the conditions of the early
There are many different theories about how the moon was formed. People believe different things. I believe one is more reliable than all the others. I think the Big impact theory is the most trustworthy. The Big Impact theory has many different pieces of evidence behind it. The other ones i could barely find any.
The planet Mercury, named after the Roman God of Thievery, has an incredible grey surface, littered with craters. Whilst it may lack an environment, pulverised dust roams across its massive stretches of grey fields, and rocky cavities form the land of mercury, resulting in a lack of any possibility of life, unfortunately. Images taken from powerful telescopes give the resemblance of this planet to Earth's own moon, through the grey colours and rocky formations. From Muggle Space Probes, we know that there have not been any signs of clouds, dust storms, or any form of a source of water, further connecting it to the moon. The Caloris Basin, the largest crater on the planet, stretches for 1,550 kilometres across Mercury's fields of grey;
1. "Apollo Moon Rocks." Curators Chioce. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 15 Oct. 2007 http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/cchoice/moonrocks/moonrocks3.htm.
The currently favoured theory of the Moon's origin is a combination between the Capture and Daughter themes. This idea is called the Impact Theory, with its main principle being the possibility of a large object colliding with a young, molten Earth. The matter that was dislodged from Earth, would then have assembled together in space to form the Moon. This collision would have been more of a slight blow, than a direct impact, and it is now thought that these types of collisions would have been fairly frequent during the beginning of our solar system. This theory accounts for both of the differences and similarities between the Earth and its moon. If the Earth's iron core had already been formed by the time the collision took place, then computer
The reasons for this is that the Earth and the Moon have similar compositions. On the other hand, if the Moon and the Earth formed together from the same particles then the Moon and the Earth should be almost perfect copies of each other. The Moon does not have a magnetic field which leads scientists to believe that the Moon does not have a metallic core, whereas the Earth's inner and outer core consist of both iron and nickel. As well as the metallic core, the Moon does not have a molten mantle, meaning that it is cold and solid on the inside; consequently there are no tectonics on the moon. With the quantity of differences between the Moon’s and the Earth’s compositions alone, this proves the Co-Formation Theory
The night of observing, the Moon was in the waxing gibbous phase. The Moon was formed when it collided with Earth as a planetesimal and now it is an object that orbits Earth. The distance from Earth to the Moon is 238,855 miles away and is about 4.5 billion years old. (How) That night at 8:15 pm the telescope was places so we could see were the Moon was illuminated and where it was dark. On the left side of the Moon their were some darker spots, were greyish in color, compared to the reset of the Moon. Even though it was partly cloudy with slight wind that night we could see the craters on the Moon clearly. Through the telescope I saw craters with a typical bowel shape and others with more complex. Another type of crater I saw was