Using A Sample Size Is Dependent On The Study Design

The intention of this paper is to critically analyse an epidemiological paper. This paper examines the study with importance on the study design, method, strengths, weaknesses and overall results. It also looks at the limitations, pros, and cons with the aim of determining the validity and reliability of the study.

To ensure the results of the research are ethical and valid a proper sample design is necessary. A sample design consists of methods, sample frame, and sample size.

The research ethics, especially with the human subjects, is a very complex topic, and the completion of the certification opened my eyes on many aspects of research process. I learned how important it is to fully understand the research purpose and the methodology especially when selecting participants. I learned which populations are considered vulnerable, how to balance risk and potential benefits of research, and the importance of obtaining an informed, voluntary consent. I learned how important it is for researchers to ensure subjects confidentiality and privacy. Hardicre (2014) said that the research would be impossible without volunteers, and that the researchers “must act as patient advocates to ensure that every stage of the research

Based upon information provided this study was appropriate conducted as a purposeful sampling but, this study

When was the last time you were exposed to propaganda? If you think it was more than a day ago, you are probably unaware of what propaganda really is. According to Donna Woolfolk Cross in “Propaganda: How not to be Bamboozled,” propaganda is “simply a means of persuasion” (149). She further notes that we are subjected daily to propaganda in one form or another as advertisers, politicians, and even our friends attempt to persuade us to use their product, vote for them, or adopt their point of view. Propaganda is usually considered in a negative sense. However, when viewing propaganda as mere persuasion, one can readily appreicate that it is

The overall sample size, seems to be adequate. However, the fact that sample size for the nursing population is different for the

According to the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007, the assessment of risk-benefit ratio and consent from the participants are two important concerns of conducting any human research. These two issues help the participants to make an informed decision so that they can understand and outweigh the significance and possibilities of harm independently (Emanuel, 2008). Being a researcher, I would follow the National Statement on Ethical Conduct In Human Research 2007, hence, I must assess the magnitude of possible harm (physical, psychological, social, economic or legal) for the participants and handling the risk by identifying resources and monitoring them, thus, reducing the risk of their occurrence. (National statement on ethical conduct in human research,

Many randomised controlled trials involve large sample sizes because many treatments have relatively small effects. The size of the expected effect of the intervention is the main determinant of the sample size necessary to conduct a successful randomized controlled trial. Obtaining statistically significant differences between two samples is easy if large differences are expected. However, the smaller the expected effect of the intervention, the larger the sample size needed to be able to conclude, with enough power, that the differences are unlikely to be due to chance

However, there are several limitations to this study. One, the sample size is small, and there results may not generalize to other populations. Second, the study was conducted for only six

The number of participants in this study in each condition was 20. This is a quarter of the number of participants in the Chen et al study, which had 80 participants in each condition. Byford (2014) states that it is difficult to take the results of a small sample size and apply the results to the general population, and therefore one must be prudent when applying these results to a project or advertisement.

Cooper and Schindler (2014) provide examples of important questions to ask when conducting a study. These are mostly related to the collection of data, who collected the data, what were their credentials, when was the data collected, how large was the sample, from where was the sample taken, and so on. These types of questions address the reliability

3. Sample Population: Who exactly was used in the study? How many? (Be as specific as possible.)

The sample size table in Appendix A indicates that a sample size of 58 is acceptable for the first control, but the higher estimated population deviation rate for the second control suggests that a larger sample size of 77 is necessary in order to gather sufficient evidence and obtain reasonable assurance over the control. The larger of the possible sample sizes should be selected for testing, because the results based on

When looking for a sample for a research project one must be sure that it is going to provide us with the answers to the questions we are looking to answer and it represents the sample that was in mind (Yegidis et al., 2012, p. 210). In the sex trafficking study, the researchers had obtained their participants by selecting 179 survivors of young ladies who had performed the act of sex trafficking. The ladies were selected from a pool of women who had been adjudicated between 1990-2011 (Hargreaves-Cormany & Patterson, 2016, p. 34). After reading the who research study I do feel that the sample size was effective and it gave the results that the researchers were looking for. The authors did not offer any justification for the sample size that was selected.

The project aim at teenagers, therefore sample group is between 13 to 19. I will set the sample sizes in 50 participants since it is easy to identity and more precision. If a sample sizes increase, it is very hard to estimate and become not accurate. Also, I’m worry about the extremes data can’t make a balance out, so the project prefers small sample sizes. It can take less effort to gain and maintain people, it is easy to produce significant results and comfortable to find a group of people. I will obtain samples from friends or friends’ sister and brother.