Unit 7 construction and maintenance of buildings

Soil acidity/alkalinity is essential for farmers determining the profitability of planting certain types of crop in certain areas. Some plants grow well in slightly acidic soils while others prefer an alkaline environment.

As for rural uses, soil analysis is needed in order to find out what kind of crops can be planted, will it be good for a pasture to feed livestock, what kind of conservation methods would be beneficial and if it would support agriculture, said Kelly Riley, an education specialist with the Wayne Soil & Water Conservation District.

In order to carry out works under the current Contract, Contractor prior to the conclusion of the Contract has reviewed the Initial Data, all materials, conclusions, pre-design reports and other documentation provided by the Company and consider them as complete, sufficient, reliable and accurate for performance of Works and other obligations under the Contract. While the Contractor will conduct all necessary engineering survey works (geological, hydrogeological, geodetic, etc.) in accordance with the Assignment, the cost of which is included in the Contract

The site inspection consisted of visual observations and measurements taken from the accessible areas. During the initial site walk, Keith Blasingim (Client Representative) indicated 4 major topics of concern:

Produce an environmental audit, and report assessing the potential environmental impact of the proposed project on the local Natural Environment.

Soils provide a habitat for a wide range of organisms (ranging from macro-organisms; such as mice to micro-organisms; bacteria and fungi).

The depth of the A horizon is 0-4 inches. This horizon is a loamy soil with a color of 2.5YR 4/2. This horizon usually contains many grass roots which have decomposed to help form this organic material and this soil profile.. This horizon mostly has a weak crusty plate like structure but can also be granular. Ph for horizon A fall around 7.5 -8 on average. Horizon A also has mild carbonates which lead it to have slight effervescent when hydrochloric acid is applied. This horizon which is mostly dominated by grasslands which penetrate the soil and allow water to better infiltrate and a rock content no greater than 5% by volume.

Phase 1: At the very beginning we are going to perform a topographic survey for the judgement of land features

First, “Identifying Conservation Areas”, using natural land features to zone building areas. Second, “Locating House Sites”, placing approximate buildings to achieve the desired density. Third, “Aligning Streets and Trails”, tracing a logical footpath to provide easy access to buildings. Finally, “Drawing in the Lot Lines”, tying all elements together to finalize the plan. From there, the subdivisions that are distinct from the urban sprawls because of the “creating value-enhancing open space network” in the

findings. It is composed of several steps, it starts with observations. Observations are where a person collects known data concerning what you are going to test on. Next they formulate a hypothesis based on their observations. After they have a hypothesis they

Before the founding material were bring to laboratories, it is need to excavate the artefacts or ecofacts to recover the content by screening or sifting the soil. During soil flotation (a technology using water and fine screens), a tiny materials were recovered. Some flotation devices are replaced by screen by simple buckets with their bottoms. While standing in shallow water and holding the bottom of the bucket, the soil were passed through the buckets

Parent material influences characteristics of the soil that had develops from it, and particularly in earlier stages of soil formation.

Overall this process is very linear and there is no way to reduce the flow time. Each step in the process must be completed before moving to the next. After reviewing the process, there are some items that work well and there are steps that are inefficient. Currently the only steps in the process that work well are associated with the engineering functions of the process. The Engineering group has had a 100% on-time performance for the last six years and has had no returned material acquisitions (RMA) in that time. These RMAs are a credit that will be refunded to the customer and will lower the margin on a project. It is critical that these are limited since they affect the bottom line. Once all the required information has been given to this group, the engineering can produce the design in a fairly quick manner. Our current engineering software does need to have some capabilities added to the program that could increase productivity and cause less time needed to check projects. At this time, there are some new building codes that have not been incorporated into to program. Since we are starting to see more projects using this new building code, this causes the engineers to make manual changes to the design, which has a negative affect on productivity. The most critical element of this process is step #2 (see process map). When the project manager reviews the project before sending it to the project service department. Over the last six years, this has been

Thermal conductivity of soil is defined as the amount of heat passing in unit time through a unit cross-sectional area of soil under a unit temperature gradient in the direction of heat flow. It is measured in watt per meter per kelvin (W/mk) or also in British thermal unit per foot hour per Fahrenheit (BTU/ft.hr.°F). Knowing thermal conductivity of ground is very important for many geotechnical works. During construction of foundation in permafrost ground, to design underground power line design, for stabilizing ground by freezing, and for utilizing geothermal energy by geothermal heat system we require knowledge of ground thermal conductivity. Thermal properties of ground are difficult to measure exactly. Here estimation of thermal conductivity (k) by different approach is summarized. There are various methods for measuring this parameter including empirical formulas, laboratory tests, and in-situ tests.

You will be provided with a basic method for your investigation. All equipment for the laboratory part of the investigation will be provided but you will need to collect and crush your own samples in your own time.