Uncertainty In Health Care

In the United States, the health market system is defective to the citizen. Even though the market is available to all citizens; There are at least half of a million Americans without health insurance plans. The costs of health in the United States have historically been unfavorable. This can be traced to the fact that the health sector is driven by a market-based system (Fernandez, 2010; Harris, 2011). This means that most of the health insurance companies are privately owned. The companies provide including basic medical expense plans and catastrophic hospital expense plans to accommodate the needs of consumers. It also offers supplemental products that provide protection against risks, including dental, vision, disability, critical

The healthcare system in the United States is a system composed of many private insurance companies who act independently from one another. These companies make their money through premiums which are paid by the insured; therefore a major part of the healthcare system is privately funded. This type of market is considered to be an imperfect market because it does not meet the true requirements of a free market where there is unrestrained competition between providers. In our healthcare system there is an absence of a central agency to govern healthcare. There are multiple payers and third party insurers serving as intermediaries between financing and the delivery of healthcare. The United States has a multi-payer, heavily private system in which thousands of private insurance companies are responsible for paying some claims, while federal and state

Although there were some aftermath consequences of the revolution, the people of Virginia had to revolt against the governor William Berkeley because of, unjust taxes , of government policies and because the poor colonist felt the government should keep them safe. Moreover they also felt the lack of protection from the governor and revolted against him, for helping the indians and not keeping them safe. However despite all the struggles of the revolution the poor people were the one mostly affected..

Health care economics involves making plenty of choices. Individuals, groups, businesses, and organizations choose how to use resources . Economics and health care are linked, because health care professionals apply economics in their everyday professional activities. They are able to do this through resource allocation. Any health care organization has to plan out how they will use their resources to their advantage. Health care economics are able to incorporate terms like cost, quality, and resources. In this paper, I will compare these terms as they relate to health care economics. In this paper, I will also explain how they

A major contributor to the rise of healthcare cost is that heath spending for individuals is primarily funded by third-parties. Because consumers of healthcare share little of the financial burden of the cost of the care they receive, patients and physicians are incentivized to utilize healthcare at a higher rate than they would if cost was a larger factor. The United States healthcare systems is based on a capitalist system but it operates in an imperfect marketplace that is no competitive. The current marketplace is not highly regulated as there is not a national health care program for all Americans which allow prices to be regulated and controlled effectively by a single regulating body. In this imperfect

Millions of Americans cannot afford healthcare services, and therefore have no financial defense in battling illnesses. Even with the affordable care act in place, there is a constant struggle for many who cannot afford the premiums that come with these insurance policies. "One of the reasons why we have uninsurance in the United States is that it has become increasingly unaffordable to purchase insurance because the cost of care and the premiums for care have gone up at multiples of the rates of increase of wages and of the cost-of-living in the United States" (Blumenthal, 2014)

718). Another challenge or tradeoff, if you will, is the need for a large body of healthy people to sign up in order to support financially of the consistently recently insured ill population (Cohen, 2015). The argument is that this is inflicting a very ruthless economic weight on the younger population who do not have a pressing necessity for coverage (Cohen, 2015).

Under a free-market system, health care is characterized in three ways – cost, access, and quality. In the United States, a mixed economic system that favors a free market system, health care is characterized as high cost, low access, and high quality. As such, these dichotomies pose an imperfect, inefficient scenario – the high cost and low access of health care lead people to not purchase insurance, while the high quality of health care drives people to still receive health care services. As a result, millions of Americans are currently uninsured, yet still utilizing various health care services, and are unable to pay their medical bills. This poses yet another conundrum - how can uninsured individuals receive medical care without paying for it? More importantly, who ends up paying for these services? Having recognized this gap between receiving medical care and paying for medical care,

In the article, "Universal Health Care: Can We Afford Anything Less?" by Gerald Friedman, it touches on the fact that if healthcare weren't such a special commodity there wouldn't be such a challenging time getting it. In the article it states, “If health insurance were like other commodities, like shoes or bow ties, then reducing access might lower costs by reducing demands on suppliers for time and materials." This supports my original thesis, that if there was equal access available to everyone there wouldn't be a need for competition in the market.

Changing factors such as aging populations and new technologies becoming available are increasing expectations from people throughout the world, and decision makers must make rational choices to maximise benefits to population health whilst working with limited resources. Yothasamut et al (2009) summarise this by observing that "health care resources in every setting are always constrained, while unlimited demand is observed". The 'best' choices in the context of economics are the ones which maximise utility (individual satisfaction through consumption of goods) and welfare, the sum utility experienced by all individuals in society. Decision makers often have to seek satisfactory rather than optimal solutions, also known as working with 'bounded rationality' (Simon 1957 in Williams et al 2008), as it is important to pursue both efficiency and equity in the funding of health care. Therefore, it may be unsuitable to fund the most cost effective option if it sacrifices the equal distribution of benefits. Research in health economics can take a normative or positive approach and this reflects the balance needed between cost control and equity when making economic decisions. Positive economic research and analysis is concerned with 'how things are' and seeks to explain economic phenomena, whilst normative economic research and analysis is concerned with 'how things ought to be' and relies on value

All healthcare systems, regardless of funding mechanisms, ration the limited resources of health care to some degree (Petrou & Wolstenholme, 2000). Even setting limits on patient choice is a form of rationing that takes place in almost all countries’ health systems (Lauridsen, Norup & Rossel, 2007). In the United States, health care is rationed according to free market principles while other countries employ other means such as long wait times for non-acute conditions or delays in the

Health insurance companies need a balance of healthy and sick people in order to increase revenue from the healthy people and take that money and use it for the sick people’s health costs, [1].

The Roman Republic held vast amounts of power and it employed a variety of democratic and undemocratic methods in its government to keep its power. Although not all Roman citizens could vote, the Roman Republic only was somewhat democratic because it held elections for most positions, it allowed some Romans to vote, and the people held power in the government. A democracy is a system of government in which the people have the most power, everyone is granted a vote, and free elections are held . Similarly, ‘democratic’ means that the people hold the most power, that all people are able to vote, and elections are free and fair. According to Fergus Millar, “every adult male citizen…could vote, and there was no formal exclusion of the poor.” This shows that many people had the opportunity to vote, and those in Rome were able to easily exercise their vote. With this in mind, it was only a partial democracy as women, slaves, and those

There is a spacious room for lemon in insurance field. The price for health insurance is not fixed, it varies based on the level of the need an applicant may require for the insurance. As in the case of elderly people over the age 65, it is well known that it is very difficult for them to get health insurance because of its high price as they certainly will need it more than other applicants. On the other hand, employees working in companies are offered health insurance as a part of the companies’ policies and regulations. This actually create more room for lemon in the insurance field and less chance for old people who need it more. This ended up with adverse selection by the insurance companies. (A.Akerlof, Aug

This article is about how a principal implement a positive growth in school culture. A positive culture will allow schools to flourish as there is an overlying value of respect and a feeling of educational benefits. The two areas that Habegger defines as areas that a principal needs to work on to create this growth are creating a sense of belonging and providing clear direction. Both of these areas where then broken down on how changing them will have a positive impact on the students, teachers, and parents and community.