1. Introduction
As the modern day economy continues to grow, more and more discussion are emerging revolving around what are the factors that led to the successful economic growth in some countries and one country that has been gaining researcher’s interest is China and the development of Beijing from a third world country in the to a developed and Newly industrialized country today.
The report examines two major economic consensus frameworks that is closely related to economic growth in the world. They are namely the Washington Consensus and the Beijing Consensus. The former is looking at industries in the western context whereas the latter is looking the Asian context mainly China. The later part of the report will discuss and compare the two consensus such as identifying their differences as well as pros and cons of using each model. The last part of the report will discuss weather is Beijing consensus dominating the once popular Washington consensus.
2. Main Content
2.1. Washington Consensus
Washington Consensus (WC) was first discovered post World War II in 1989 by John Williamson (Williamson, A Short History of the Washington Consensus, 2004). WC believes in promoting free trade, floating exchange rate, free markets and macroeconomic stability to help economies grow and recover after the world war. This non-liberal view of globalization has saw supporters from World-known economist and organizations such as IMF, World Bank, EU & US.
WC suggests a set of 10
China is the second largest economy in the world. It has become the fastest growing economy in the world with an average rate of 10% for the last thirty years. The largest exporter and second largest importer of goods has brought China to be ranked first in the foreign exchange reserves. The country with thousands of years of history, started off and continues today as mostly an agrarian economy. Over time China's economy continues to change and prosper. Starting with the first economic change in the early twentieth century, which occurred when the GMD (the Nationalist Party) lost control due to its poor economic performance. This in turn led to their defeat by the CCP. During that time many peasants lost their farmland and this led to a peasant
Nowadays, China has become the second largest economy in the world. The GDP (gross domestic product) of china was growing at 9.7% per year in average since 1978, which the year of Chinese “open door” politic founded. China also has become the biggest producer and consumer in many key agricultural and industrial markets and the largest FDI recipient among the developing countries. The performance of china in developing of economy is called “china’s economic miracle”, which be studied by many economists. However, there are also bad results with the development of economy in china such as environment disruption, corruption and
Hung’s stated goals are as follows. First, he aims to outline the historical origins of the capitalist boom in China as well as the conditions which predicated said boom. He also names four conceptions against history to explore the global effects of China’s capitalist boom and the limit of that boom. Firstly, he seeks to challenge the notion that China is challenging the United States neoliberal order. Secondly, he examines the belief that the increasing incomes of poor Chinese citizens helps to reverse worldwide income polarization. Thirdly, he analyzes the claim that China’s rise is challenging Western dominion over the world, and is radically altering the world order. Lastly, he plans to evaluate the assertion that China has been emerging as the most powerful driver of growth since the global financial crisis. He plans to devote a single chapter to the refutation of each of these views and explanations of why they overstate the importance of China, in addition to several introductory chapters describing China’s rise. He aims to prove with this work that China is no different than the other major capitalist powers, that its boom is dependent on the global neoliberal order, that its boom contributes to rampant inequality, and, in sum, that China is just a foundation of the capitalist status quo.
The purpose of this research report is to provide an overview of China’s economic growth in relation to the long term economic growth drivers. Critical assessment will be made on the growth drivers to determine whether they lead to long term economic growth.
To capture the benefits of globalisation, the communist government has moved its focus from domestic to trade oriented. China has become the second largest economy in the world. Since 1980s, it has gone from being the 12th largest economy in the world to the second largest. This indicates that its economy has been growing with an average rate of 10 per cent per year for the last three
China has reached a milestone in terms of achieving its centenarian goal of making China a prosperous nation once again. One of the ways that it has done this is by having steady economic growth even in the midst of an economic crisis. Not only has China’s economy grown, but its standard of living has also improved, it has achieved this by spending 70 percent of its fiscal revenue towards improving people’s standard of living. China has also pushed more anti-corruption reforms and has made efforts towards widening its economy by setting up freer trade.
Since the reform and opening up, the economy of China grows significantly, as an emerging economy, China's economy has made tremendous contributions to the global economy, and Renminbi has become one of the most important currency in the world. According to the survey conducted by China National Bureau of Statistics found that from 1979 to 2012, China has attained an annual average growth rate of 9.8% for its national economy, while the annual average growth of the world economy is only 2.8 % during the same period. In past 30 years, China's GDP surpassed Japan’s, China became the world 's second largest economy, in addition, the huge total volume of trade makes China become the world 's largest trading nation. The contribution of China’s
With a gross domestic product (GDP) calculated at the equivalent of $11.06 trillion and an average growth rate of 1.84 percent, China has the potential to surpass the United States' economy by the year 2030 (citation 1). China's rapid GDP growth is caused mainly by state investment, high exportation, and successes with e-commerce (citation 2). However, China was not always a country eager to open its doors to economic opportunity. Instead, the government strove to maintain self-dependency and to limit influence from other countries. Through the decades of isolation, many countries attempted to gain trade relations with China. These attempts usually were unsuccessful. It wasn't until the late twentieth century until China began forming the economic
The rise in China from a poor, stagnant country to a major economic power within a time span of twenty-eight years is often described by analysts as one of the greatest success stories in these present times. With China receiving an increase in the amount of trade business from many countries around the world, they may soon be a major competitor to surpass the U.S. China became the second largest economy, last year, overtaking Japan which had held that position since 1968 (Gallup). China could become the world’s largest economy in decades.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War was over, making the U.S. the only superpower left in the world. This has made the international system much more tranquil, and relaxed. The only country potentially powerful besides the U.S., is China. Many Americans fear China, not only because they are communist, but also because of their huge population. Their population is 1.3 billion people, which accounts 1/5th of the world’s population. As one of the only potential superpowers in the world, it would be in the best interest of all Americans if the U.S. and China became allies, instead of enemies. Peace and development, economic prosperity and social progress, are goals that both of
Since the economic reform, China’s economy system was able to create a rapid growth of the economy, turning China into one of the world 's largest economies. As a communist state, the country has implemented a socialist market economy, which is based on the control by the state and an open-market economy.
The current state of the Chinese economic system has drawn international attention and praise due to its overwhelmingly positive statistical growth. This growth, according to the nation’s leader, stems from what its government calls strides toward common prosperity. As of 2013, China’s leaders proclaim to be moving toward a state of theoretical consciousness. In China, consistency and persistence is promoted over spontaneity within the confines of a sound economic structure, which has created a fertile ground for socialism to grow. A recent documentary composed by a conglomerate of media outlets, depicts the current economic landscape of China. Its story unravels to present the growing city of Shanghai as progressive, oppressive, and modern; yet, its growth has been rooted in older communist practices, given to much economic success and an uncertain future (“City of Dreams”). The changes that have taken place in modern China since the late 1970’s has grown its economy to unprecedented ends, and by unprecedented means. The transformation into an industrialized capitalistic society has catapulted its development into an uncharted realm, prompting much discussion on its future impact on the world at large. In the following report, we will examine China’s economical changes in three decades, encompassing three distinct phases of economic reform: recovery, establishment, and improvement.
The country selected to be discussed and elaborated on is China. This is the world’s most populous country; it stands top with a staggering population of 1.35 billion. China is a single-party state governed by a Communist Party. When dealing in Economies it is important to know
The purpose of this essay is to show how the economy of China has, and is changing, becoming the second largest economy in the world today. Although China is currently under the leadership of Xi Jinping, this essay will concentrate primarily on the actions undertaken by then President Mao Zedong, followed by then President Deng Xiaoping, (sans mention of Hua Guofeng). Given the relative infancy of Xi’s assumption of power, economic policies still remain largely rhetorical in form. Likewise, the majority of literature concerning economic policies under Xi are largely speculative, often citing strategies and ambitions as opposed to thereby, lacking a solid basis for rational induction In addition to China’s lack of transparency, In addition, it will be shown that the methodology behind the Chinese economy demonstrates the implementation of varying levels of the characteristics associated with the schools of Realism, Marxism and Liberalism. Thus, China’s approach to global trade in the 21st Century is pluralistic, testamentary to the failed economic
In the last few decades, China has performed many non-repeated miracles in its developing process, especially in economy, which greatly increase China’s influential power in the world. After suffered numerous aggressive war started by the external, as well as some internal crisis, such as the Great Leap Forward and the Great Cultural Revolution, which left indelible effect on China’s economy. Until the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1978, Deng Xiaoping raised up the famous policy, the Economic Reform and Opening-up, which is suitable for the national conditions and, take the four Special Economic Zones as example, rapid economic growth of China begins ever since then.