Type Two Diabetes: A Case Study

Bckground While modern lifestyles and medical care have certainly improved the longevity of humans in the developed world, and contributed to a greater quality of life scenario, those same lifestyles have engendered a number of issues that contribute to disease. Lack of proper diet, fast food, high fat and carbohydrate diets without adequate fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol contribute to an epidemic of obesity which, in turn, contributes to a serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. While not managed by insulin injections, it is nevertheless quite serious and has a number of progressing symptoms that, if not treated properly, can result in cardiovascular, renal and neurological problems, as well as amputation, ocular issues, and even cognitive dysfunction.

This essay will focus on type 2 diabetes, which is becoming one of the fast growing chronic health conditions in the United Kingdom (UK). Approximately 700 people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each day in the UK (Diabetes Uk, (2014)a). It is costing the NHS about £10billion pounds each year to treat diabetes along with its complication and it is expected to rise in the next couple of years (Diabetes UK, (2014)b).

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Aaron is a 25-year-old Caucasian (Hispanic/white) male who is over weight, he was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and has a long history of sever asthma. Aaron is a full time college student majoring in graphic design and works part time at GameStop during the week. He is a very sedentary individual and spends most of his time playing games or watching TV indoors. On occasions he spends time going to hockey games and parties with his friends but does not spend much time doing any physical activities. Aaron has had sever asthma since he was a child and has been taking a variety of medications from and early age. Up till the age of 18 Aaron too anti-inflammatories, albuterol the generic name is albuterol sulphate inhalation solution and some of the Brand names are ProAir HFA, ProAir

It is no secret that Diabetes type II is rapidly becoming a public health problem that is attacking epidemic proportions worldwide. In fact, according to an online article by the Washington post titled, “CDC Says Diabetes Numbers Increasing,” Author Stein, Rob claims that the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that as of the year 2012, approximately 26 million Americans were clinically diagnosed with type II diabetes. Not to be confused type I diabetes however. Type I diabetes is where the body is typically insulin-dependent as beta cells are constantly attacked and destroyed by the immune system. Type II diabetes on the other hand, is where the body, may or may not make enough insulin; a hormone that serves to regulate the movement of sugars into the cells, and if it does make enough insulin, the body tends to not respond to it properly. In other words, one suffering from type II diabetes does not convert sugar into energy, but rather stores it in their bloodstream. This has caused type II diabetes to be the most common form of its type. As a result, those who suffer from type II Diabetes normally result in extra body-fat, hypertension, and high cholesterol.

Even with the improvements in diabetes control and patient care, Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of death than the general population. For the current modelling analysis, the relative risk (RR) of death was estimated to be 2.45 for patients with DME and this was estimated based on the results from two studies. Mulnier et al. reported a RR of 1.93 (95%:CI: 1.89 to 1.97) for diabetic patients when compared to the general population.23 In the second study, Hirai et al., determined that the RR of death in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.01 to 1.61).24 By combining the two estimates, the overall RR of mortality used in the model was 2.45 (i.e. 1.93 x 1.27).

The purpose of the paper was looking at the quality of life of diabetic patients. Type two diabetics that have a support system compared to those that don’t have a support system have an improved quality of life after being diagnosed. The level of evidence of this study was a cross sectional study. Researching the article was done by going to the Clarkson College website, then going to the student life tab and choosing library. Clicking on the “C” on the article database and clicking on the CINAHL Complete link. Typed in diabetes mellitus in the first box, then where it has the first and changed selection to not, then in the second box typed out systematic review. Then scrolled down to where

Diabetes type 2 is a well-known disorder in America. It’s becoming one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and death worldwide. At Florida Hospital Diabetes and Translational Research Institute, Pratley (2013) stated that the prevalence of diabetes will continue to grow. It’s been estimated that by 2030 approximately 552 million adults will be affected mostly due to the growing of diabetes in developing countries. In the US alone, the number of people suffering from diabetes has drastically increased in the last 20 years because of the population being overweight or obese (Pratley, 2013). Those who are older in age, obese, have a family history of diabetes and lack of exercise have a higher chance of having it. The sooner people find

Benjamin Stuart, 59-year-old male, is the full-time owner and manager of the Cornerstone Pub and Bar. Previously a smoker, quit 6 months ago due to breathlessness from catching the flu. Is drinking alcohol daily in the Pub, categorised as overweight by his GP and has recently been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes due to his unhealthy lifestyle habits. After winning $23,000 on the pokies, Benjamin wants to holiday in Thailand. It will be his first time out of Australia and he is taking his two 25-year-old sons as well.

This was an interventional study to understand the effect of two low-cost interventions; yoga and peer support on the quality of life (QOL) of women with type 2 diabetes.

The problem of slight obesity can be managed with a weight loss program. Marianna has a BMI of 32 based on weight of 90kg with a height of 5”6. To this end, It is necessary to use a nutritionist, support programs, and set weight goals. She needs to have a follow up program to monitor her health care status with the weight loss. For her blood pressure (BP), it needs to be professionally monitored by coming into the office. This would occur every 4 months as a follow up to the weight loss programs.

Tina's present state of health, combined with her lifestyle choices, and hereditary factors, place her at a significantly great risk for developing Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease. Tina is obese with a BMI of 31, her blood pressure is bordering the danger zone for someone her age. Tina also has Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, an addition risk factor that contributes to the development of Cardiovascular Disease. Even when the blood glucose levels are well controlled, research reveals, at least 68% of individuals age 65 and older with Diabetes Mellitus will die of some form of Cardiovascular Disease and 16% die of Cerebral Vascular Accidents (AHA, 2016). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is generally considered a modifiable risk factor. The modification of nutritional habits, exercise, and losing weight can often eliminate the body's inability to produce adequate amounts of insulin (AHA, 2016).

Diabetes has become one of the most prominent public health challenges of our generation. Approximately, 26 million adults in the United States have diabetes, with almost 2 million new cases per annum. In 1990, the rates of diabetes have virtually tripled; in comparable with the high increases in obesity, which is one of the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes among youth, and U.S. adults (R. Bell 2013). Consequently, the financial costs of diabetes are astounding. In 2012, diabetes contributed to an appraised $176 billion in direct medical contribution to a $69 billion in reduced productivity (R. A. Bell, 2013). Unfortunately, the burden of diabetes is not equally shared across populations. Most racial/ethnic minority groups

The purpose of this case study is to develop a deeper understanding of the disease process of a patient who has been with recently diagnosed with diabetes. The data collected will allow development of a plan of care for the patient including, drug therapy and education on current diagnosis. The patient in question is a 32 year old male with complaints of fatigue, thirst and frequent urination. A finger stick reveals the patient’s blood glucose level is 466. The patient in this case is prescribed oral and subcutaneous medication for diabetes by the provider.

Type 2 diabetes is a very well known disease throughout the US. There are about 27 million people in the US with the disease and 86 million others have prediabetes which means their blood glucose is not right but also not high enough to be diabetes yet. 208,000 people under the age of twenty have been diagnosed with either Type 1 or 2 Diabetes.