Two-Point Discrimination Test: Determining the Two-Point Threshold
ABSTRACT
The two-point discrimination test of the skin is a simple test of the sensory nerve function. Two-point discrimination measures the individual’s capability to distinguish two points of stimuli presented at the same time. The importance of this study is the ability to tell of two points verses than one that pressing on the skin depends on two things: the concentration of the sensory receptors and the connections that the sensory nerve cells make in the brain. An esthesiometer or caliper; compass-type instrument was used to determine limits of two-point discrimination sensitivity in several skin areas on the subject's forearm, thumb and index finger. The
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Introduction
The procedure of the project is to determine the ability to differentiate the touch of the calipers or an esthesiometer and a metric ruler. The project is to determine the two-point threshold which is the measurement, the smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt. If we can feel the sensation of both picks from a short distance to a wider distance. To know when we can feel both and without looking. Turning away and getting poked when to say when you feel one touch or two touches. The areas that we did to do the test was the forearm which has thin skin, thumb and the index which has thick skin. The ability to distinguish the two points from one area to another area of your body. The ability to determine which portion of the skin has been touched is called tactile localization. The receptors must be densely packed in a sensitive area, so that two points very close together activate different receptors.
The data shows that there are certain areas that are sensitive or not so highly sensitive at all. Just depending on the testing area you could feel both or one touch of the calipers. To determine how many touches and the distance of the time of the lab. The issues that the lab was not described well. The results are skewed do to incorrect instructions that were given. Some of others colleagues had different results and maybe also had to do to the color off our skin. Directions should be given well and should be
When doing this experiment, I used my senses of touch and hearing to predict what the
The human sense of touch is known as the somatic or somatosensory system. The skin is the biggest and most complex organ in the somatosensory system.The somatosensory system permits the human body to experience pressure, texture, temperature, and pain, and to see the position and development of the body's muscles and joints.The receptor cells in the skin can be separated into three useful classifications: mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and surface, thermoreceptors that sense temperature, and nociceptors that sense pain. Thermoreceptors distinguish changes in temperature utilizing two sorts of receptor cells: warm and cold. Thus, thermoreceptors on the skin detects the temperature signal using two specific receptors cell: warm and cold.
A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a
This lab was not repeated to examine for consistent results, which may result in data where precision and accuracy are compromised. In this investigation,
Personally, it’s very hard to focus on counting when it feels like my hand is being choked by a bodybuilder on steroids. I was very distracted by the pain in my wrist, that I could’ve focus on counting. During the later trials (7-10), some of my counts may have been estimates instead of actual qualitative data. So some of the data is probably inaccurate and might’ve affected the overall average of each test. This is really the only major error that occurred. In the future, I will strive in achieving accurate results instead of using estimates that may or may not be
Tactile receptors- free nerve endings in the skin are picking up the itching and burning
This study examined visual perception and the rates at which global and local features are reacted to with an aim of replicating and validating a previous experiment conducted by Navon (1977) to see if global processing was faster than local processing. There was 222 University of Newcastle students participating in the experiment, partaking in two phases, one centred round global processing, the other around local processing, where there reaction times were recorded using a computer program and imputed into a data worksheet. Results indicated that, as predicted, global processing occurred at a faster rate than local processing. It was concluded that global features were
The Theme Of Courage “It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are”(E.E Cummings). Courage is a crucial theme in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Lee indicates that real courage is the ability to stand up for what one believes in even in fear. Although courage is misinterpreted by the narrator Jean Louise Finch (Scout) and her older brother Jeremy Finch (Jem) near the beginning of the novel, they soon come to understand what real courage really is.
Mechanoreceptors are structures in the body that enable people to experience physical sensations. They feed perceptible data to the brain in order to be processed. There are several forms of mechanoreceptors, intended to sense diverse types of perceptible information, and these constitutions function in different ways. In disorders concerning sensory sensitivity, some people have issues with their mechanoreceptors or the nervous system does not transfer information normally from these structures to the brain (place reference here).
What is the effect of using your dominate hand vs your non-dominant hand when testing sensitivity? The purpose of answering this question is to help scientists understand if your hand dominance affects your sensitivity. One reason I chose this topic is because I have previously seen a similar experiment in a museum, and I would like to test one of my own. Another reason I chose this topic is because I am very interested in the outcome. I hope to discover if hand dominance influences sensitivity. This project will test your dominant hand vs your non – dominant hand when testing sensitivity.
You will use a two-point discrimination test to compare tactile resolution (and receptor density) on various parts of your body. An estheiometer is
Somatosensation is the collective sense of touch which enables us to feel our environment through the specialized receptors in our skin. While in primates, the glabrous hairless skin of the hand palm and fingers serves as sensory organ to palpate objects and obtain tactile information, rodents use their whiskers, organized in a series of rows and columns on the whisker pad located on each side of the snout (Fig.X). Rodent whiskers acquire somatosensory information by their deflection onto objects in the environment, like the digits of the human, they obtain information regarding their shape, texture and location. Somatosensation is an active process involving sensory/motor systems, where in humans a hand will press an object of interest in order to feel its textile features, the rodent macrovibrassae (whisker) will position itself in space, scanning the environment in a series of timed protractions and retractions cycles (5-10Hz). The interruption of the whisking cycle caused by the contact of a whisker onto an object provide the necessary spatio-temporal information for the construction of a sensory percept. A whisker touch contains numerous information carried out by the amplitude of the whisker deflection, the direction, duration, accelation/decelaration on contact, frequency of the contact, force along the axial shaft and resonance frequency of the whisker.
The two-pronged test was developed to “determine whether that information demonstrated probable cause” (Ingram p.172) where the first part of the test, “an informant’s veracity and reliability had to be determined prior to finding that the informant’s information supplied probable cause” (Ingram p.173) In this part of the test the police had to prove that the informant was a believable person” (Ingram p.173), such as having a history of “giving a reliable and truthful information to the police in the past, and might even implicated himself or herself in a crime just to prove to the police that he or she is telling the truth. The reliability of certain personalities as an informant such as the “local priest, mayor and another police officer
* Sensations: The cutaneous sensations like touch, pressure, vibration, pain, cold, hot, etc, are felt by the skin.
(Attention) Did you know that there are over 5,000,000 touch receptors in our skin and 3,000 of them are in the finger tips. Imagine all the endorphins being released by the slightest touch of another person.