Frances— It seems that each new day brings a new way that those in power are conspiring against us (“us” being Roman Catholics). It all started with a lie. Sweet Queen Catherine has, most unfortunately, been unable to produce an heir for the king; therefore, his brother, James, is the rightful successor to the throne of England (Kraft). However, the king also has an illegitimate son whom he cherishes, James, the Duke of Monmouth (Kraft). At face value, the problem seems nonexistent—of course the king’s brother should ascend the throne. But there is a problem! James II is a Catholic, as is the Queen. The Duke of Monmouth is not. There are many who are so blinded by their prejudices that they would rather anyone but a Catholic sit on the …show more content…
I try not to, but I am starting to wonder where the Lord’s hand is in all of this. Surely the anger and unrest among His children must cause Him some grief. Perhaps, though, we have forsaken His guidance for so long that He had decided to let us fight for ourselves. What a heavy thought.
Be well,
Dear Frances— Finally, I have something pleasant to write about! I have been greatly enjoying the works of John Dryden—have you read anything by him? If not, you should right away! He so eloquently articulates my own political views that I feel he must be reading my mind! A particular favorite of mine is a poem by the name of Absalom and Achitophel. You may recognize the story from the Bible, but Dryden translates it to fit our modern-day woes. Absalom becomes the Duke of Monmouth, Achitophel is the Earl of Shaftesbury (who is leading Monmouth down a dangerous path of rebellion against the crown), and David is, of course, our very own King Charles. It is such a clever poem that addresses both specific concerns, as well as larger principles at play. He argues in favor of a hereditary monarchy so well that I feel sure his words will turn at least a few Whig hearts to the truth! Dryden writes: The eternal God, supremely good and wise,
Imparts not these prodigious gifts in vain.
What wonders are reserved to bless your reign!
Against your will your arguments have shown,
Such virtue's only given to guide a throne
Katherine Philips’ “On the 3. of September, 1651” is a thirty-four line poem with an AABB rhyme scheme. Comparing a royal’s reign to a sunset, the poem depicts the destructive, blazing fall of a monarchy.
It is not wrong to assume that the consequence of the reigns of Charles and James II was to lead England to be Tory –for some time, at least- and Anglican rather than Francophile and Catholic. Both Charles and James II had sympathies for Catholicism, and England had had a tense and problematic relationship with Roman Catholicism since the reign of Henry VIII. This tendency and the relationship of Charles with Louis XIV contributed greatly to the ever-increasing hostility towards France and Catholicism.
The relationship and status of the monarchy in parliament’s eyes had already been in a state of decline even before Charles’ reign. His predecessor had been known as the ‘wisest fool in Christendom’ and there was a lot of resentment
During the constant changes of Europe’s religious stances in the 16th century, many countries were fighting for a their own religious standpoint. This unrest lead to revolts and wars and because of the subject’s religious differences in a socially unstable society, these conflicts came between and divided the country. This issue was greatly shown in England, where new governmental policies made participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace to worry for the well being of the commoners in the country. These participants also started to work towards punishing Thomas Cromwell, the head of the King’s council. Those opposed to the movement worried for order, and continued to work for a successful commonwealth.
Religion can be argued as a more important factor in determining whether people supported Lady Mary’s or Lady Jane’s succession, because of the comfort and personal security having a faith provided, which collectively would result in a more balanced and efficient society. Given the political turbulence of the era: as in the previous decade, England was still recovering from the protestant reformation, wars with France and Scotland, the Somerset crises which almost led the nation to bankruptcy, if there was any moment where the people needed a sense of stability in the form of religion- it had to be this era. This means that because this essay is evaluating the factors why people- including laymen or “commons”, made the ultimate decision in
Along with Auguste Comte, another influential philosopher and scientist was Charles Darwin. Darwin presented the idea of natural selection and evolution in the 19th century. Darwin said that variations within a specific species will kill off the weaker members will die off and the stronger members will survive, based on Malthus' theory that population will always outgrow the amount of supplies.
Hook How many of you have seen a person publicly shamed or embarrassed? We have all seen these instances where people have been called out for everyone to see. Hester Prynne In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, is publically shamed in front of the whole town and is forced to wear a scarlet A on her chest. All because of her sin, adultery.
Henry VIII was the King that would change England’s religious system and make it his legacy. The religious system would carry on after his reign and become the predominant religion of England. The question is: How did events connected to key historical figures during Henry VIII’s reign cause for a permanent shift in the religious system of England? This question will be answered by analyzing events related to key historical figures during Henry VIII’s reign. These events will not be a biographical representation of any one historical figure, but relayed in connection to the topic of this paper in order to provide an answer for the essay question. This method is being utilized because it provides an analytical perspective, while also providing a personal appeal by tying the facts in with historical figures. History is not just facts, it is a story, and like any good story it should pull a reader in and make them interested. The historical figures utilized will be Katherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Thomas Wolsey, Thomas Cromwell, and Thomas Cranmer due to their direct correlation to the change in the religious system of England. The sources utilized were chosen and implemented in relation to how they encompassed concepts related to historical
In 1559 Elizabeth I (1533-1603) was crowned Queen. Elizabeth sought to find a middle ground during her rein (1558-1603) in England, by allowing both Catholics and Protestants to worship without fear of any repercussions. However, Gilbert (1976) that ‘Elizabeth I and her successors had legislated to make Anglican worship compulsory’ (p. 4). By introducing the Act of Uniformity of 1559 it laid out the rules of worship that both religions were to follow and reissued the Book of Common Prayer for use in worship. The Thirty-Nine Articles of 1563 also set to define the doctrine of the Church of England which set out a middle path between the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church and the Protestants (Wolffe, 2008). By the end of Elizabeth’s I forty five year reign, the majority of people in English society were Protestant. As the older, mainly Catholic members of society had died through old age (Christianity in Britain, 2011). Knight and Mason (2006) describe a dissenter during
When I first began reading A Man Called Ove I was greeted by a man who was ill-tempered and grouchy and quite frankly irritated me to no end, but as I continued to read the adjectives that I would use to describe Ove drastically changed to words like generous, calm, patient, understanding, and encouraging. He still is quick to anger and has a hard exterior, but he has shown his good qualities time and time again when duty calls notably when Parvaneh asked him to teach her how to drive. Not only did he agree to this task, which was very surprising, stood up for her, and even encouraged her when she was going to give up. A compliment or two was even given from Ove. There was another moment of astonishment on my part when Ove learned that Mirsad
When it comes to managing a successful organization or a business, the one consumer whose opinions and relations matter would have to lie in the customer. In the case of medical services those affairs would lie mostly in the actions and satisfactions of the patients. In the medical community, their ratings and performances are measured through the customer relations departments. Grievances and complaints have shaped the world of medical policies, procedures, terms of conduct and response to grievances.
In Aoi no Ue, Rokujo appears to the priest because Teruhi recited a chant specifically in order to call an evil spirit to him. This is seen near the beginning of the play when it says “Teruhi faces the kosode kimono and, to azusa music, chants an incantation for calling forth an evil spirit” (Muromachi period 927). In Nonomiya, Rokujo and the priest seem to happen upon each other by chance rather than purposefully looking for the other. This is seen when the monk says “As in the shadow of the grove I call the past to mind and feel my heart settling into peace, suddenly a very beautiful lady stands before me. But who are you?” (Nonomiya 209).
Internally, disagreements over religion fluctuated according to the religion of the monarch in power. In 1642 in England, civil war broke out because Charles I was soft on Catholics, the Parliament was divided in religious conformity, and the Presbyterians and Anglicans could not get along. Also, the battle between Catholicism and Protestantism raged for years, coming to a climax with the Glorious Revolution in 1688. The Glorious Revolution came about with the end of Catholic James II's rule and the argument of who who would inherit his throne. His son, James, was Catholic and had a son who was Catholic as well. At the time, society was fearful of another Catholic leader. Mary, James II's daughter, was married to William the Orange, who was Dutch. Together, they forced James III out of contention and took the throne. They drafted the "...Toleration Act of 1689 (which) legalized all forms of Protestantism -- save those that denied the Trinity-- and outlawed Roman Catholicism."2
Queen Elizabeth had to be harsh and strict with Catholics, more than she would have preferred in order to maintain peace in England (Elizabeth R). Although Queen Elizabeth was nice, she could also be very strict. When Catholics rebelled she reacted quickly, she had them killed, took away their properties, or imprisoned them. After years of rebellion and fighting, England became a Protestant Country in the early 1600’s (Pitchard 103). “The significance of the Elizabethan religious settlement is that it was able to hold the vast majority of the people together, despite being a compromise few would have chosen” (Elizabeth I).
John Dryden was an influential poet, literary critic, translator, and more importantly a playwright who dominated the literary life of Restoration England during the 16th century. His popularity grew to such an extent that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Dryden was the probably the most dominant literary figure and influence of his age. Walter Scott often referred to him as "Glorious John”. He was also made Poet Laureate in 1667. After the Restoration, Dryden quickly established himself as the leading poet and literary critic of his day and he transferred his allegiances to the new government.