“Out of the mouths of babes” often times comes the purest. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the young characters embrace the truth and old characters express themselves through lies. In the rigid Puritan society of the 1690s, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale have broken one of the most egregious sin--adultery. Hester, who is married to old Roger Chillingworth, becomes pregnant with Dimmesdale’s child, Pearl. To shame her for her penance, Hester is sentenced to wear a scarlet letter upon her chest. Although all these adults live vastly different lives, they all share a mutual crime-- sin. Hawthorne illustrates a motif between young and old characters. One interesting aspect of this motif is that as the characters increase in age, …show more content…
Pearl, the youngest character, embraces the truth to the fullest, and she does not comprehend why people hide their identity. Since she is young, she does not have a clear understanding of the way Puritan society is constructed, in that its rigid, iron-framework leaves little room for mistakes. She is as pure and as innocent as her name implies impels her to be, she is a pearl in an oyster of lies. With her naive personality, she does not understand why the older people in her life hide the truth. When Hester takes off her scarlet letter, Pearl stays “on the other side of the brook”, which illustrates their contrasting views on the truth. Pearl then “stretch[es] out her hand, with the small forefinger extended” and evidently points “towards her mother’s breast”. Appaould by her mother’s neglectance, she stomps “her foot with a yet more imperious look and gesture” (Hawthorne 143). Since the ornately embroidered A has always defined her mother, Pearl does not understand why she would ever remove it, and thus does not accept her without it. Since the vibrant scarlet letter has shaped her mother's identity in the grey Puritan, Pearl disapproves its …show more content…
When he arrives in Boston, he finds his wife on the scaffold with the scarlet letter burning brightly on her chest. He is quick to realize that a relationship with Hester would immediately jeopardize his new reputation. As Chillingworth looks upon the scaffold, his “face darkened with some powerful emotion”, which, he deliberately “controlled by an effort of his will”. When he locks eye contact with Hester, he “slowly and calmly raise[s] his finger” and place it ever so slightly “on his lips”, creating suspense and a morbid tone (42). Instead of facing public humiliation with the woman he loves, he decides to cut off all of their ties in order to protect his reputation. The dark shadow that envelopes him in the sea full of people highlights his malicious motives. The unforgiving Puritan society sets this old man to hide his true identity and love for Hester. Furthermore, after Chillingworth and Dimmesdale had been living together for seven years, Hester reveals Chillingsworth true identity to the reverend. Utterly shocked by the news, Dimmesdale realizes that Chillingworth sin is “blacker than” Hester and his own adultery because it “violate[s] in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart” He hides his true identity in order to live with Dimmesdale and torment his every waking moment. In
The setting of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet letter” is crucial to the understanding of the event that takes place in the story. The setting of the story is in Salem, Massachusetts during the Puritan era. During the Puritan era, adultery was taken as a very serious sin, and this is what Hester and Dimmesdale committ with each other. Because of the sin, their lives change, Hester has to walk around in public with a Scarlet Letter “A” which stands for adultery, and she is constantly being tortured and is thought of as less than a person. Dimmesdale walks around with his sin kept as secret, because he never admits his sin, his mental state is changing, and the sin degrades his well-being. Chillingworth
‘Honesty is the best policy’; ‘Always be yourself”, are common phrases many parents tell their children and as common as they may be, being honest and being true yourself contributes to individual happiness and contentness. ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a novel that dives deep into these key themes of honesty and integrity and the consequences of doing the opposite action. One of the main characters, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is a minister in 17th century Puritan New England who has deteriorating health because of his lies and guilt. Dimmesdale commits adultery with a beautiful woman in the town, Hester Prynne, whose husband, Roger Chillingworth, returns from Europe later on. Pearl, who is a product of Hester and
In passage 1, the Hawthorne employs an allusion when he explains that Hester names her child Pearl because “Hester purchased her with all she had.” This is a reference to the bible when Jesus calls heaven a “pearl of great price” and declares that when someone comes across a pearl, he shall sell all he has to buy it. The author includes this allusion to convey how important Pearl is to Hester and to connect the meaning of Pearl’s name to religion, for religion presides over all in Puritan society. Hawthorne also uses exclamations to show how valuable Pearl is to her mother. But, at the same time, he points out that Pearl is Hester’s source of shame and torture. The function of the child parallels the function of the scarlet letter. They are both a reminder of Hester’s wrongdoing but become a huge part of her identity that she cannot live without. Hawthorne creates a sense of situational irony when he introduces the idea that in creating Pearl, Hester loses everything, her pride, her reputation and her social life, but at the same time she gains
She touches the scarlet letter, but little does she know that she is the reason for the punishment. They are social outcasts, so they don’t leave their house much. Pearl plays alone and has best friends that are imaginary. She distrusts her own imaginary friends for the same reason that she distrusts all the Puritans in the colony. People treat Hester and Pearl differently than everyone else is treated. She only loves Hester, because Hester spends time with her and is a good mother. She plays with her and teaches her Bible stories. Pearl knows the whole catechism at the age of three, but refuses to say it to anyone. She is smarter than everyone thinks she is. Chillingworth speaks to Pearl about the scarlet letter. He asked her if she knew the reason why her mother must wear the scarlet letter all the time. She replies, “Yes, that is the same reason why the preacher holds his hand over his heart.” Pearl asks her mom all the time the reason why she wears the scarlet letter and why the preacher holds his hand over his heart. She knows that they both do, but she doesn’t know why. Hester tells her that she wears it because of the pretty gold thread, but she doesn’t know the minister’s reason. Later in the story, Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl meet in the forest, and Hester rips the scarlet letter off. Pearl gets mad then, because she knows that her mother is supposed to wear it. Dimmesdale kisses Pearl, but she washes the kiss off with
Children accept who they are with no influence from society or feelings of guilt. As Hawthorne describes Pearl’s carefree attitude, he writes, “Her final employment was to gather sea-weed… and thus assume the aspect of a little mermaid… Pearl took some eel-grass, and imitated, as best she could, on her own bosom, the decoration with which she was so familiar on her mother’s… the letter A” (Nathaniel Hawthorne 115). As little Pearl plays, the scarlet letter does not symbolize shame for her. Pearl accepts the scarlet letter as nothing out of the ordinary, and even envies its beauty. Through Pearl’s actions, Hawthorne reveals how children view shame and societal pressure. Although the scarlet letter embodies the entirety of Hester’s sin and shame, Pearl does not run from it or feel ashamed because of it. Hawthorne uses Pearl as an example of how adults should view symbols of sin in their society instead of running from the sin, they should forgive readily and accept the reality of their present situation. Furthermore, in his literary criticism, The Obliquity of Signs, Millicent Bell reveals how out of Hester’s societally constructed sin and shame came this perfect example of Pearl. He writes, “Hester’s sin is not only unutterable but involves a name, that of her partner, which she refuses to utter. Her sexual history is so private that it cannot be imagined when we gaze at her in the chaste aftermath of Hawthorne’s novel. And yet that privacy has its public manifestation, the child Pearl” (Millicent Bell 23). Bell reveals how even out of Hester’s most taboo and secret sin came Pearl, whose manifestation publicly
In the novel, “The Scarlet Letter,” the townspeople of the village judge Hester Prynne for her sin of adultery with a man whom she is not married to. In which they have made her wear the scarlet letter “A” to remind her daily of her sin, not to mention her baby, Pearl, also being a daily reminder. Yet the townspeople themselves are not all high and mighty either, because they to have secrets of their own. The puritan children of the
This ridicule has a trickle down effect on Hester as she too is banished from her own community for committing adultery. The comparison between Hester and Hawthorne defines the external struggle for the reader to fully understand the effect of opinions from society on them Although reluctant to allow Hester to leave prison, the members of the town suggest that her punishment be to wear a scarlet red letter A on her bosom, thereby allowing all to know of her crime. The scarlet letter “ was red-hot with infernal fire, ” (Hawthorne 81) and defined the state she was currently in, that being eternal hell. Though she was forced to marry an older man at a young age, her rebellion to have an affair is not seen as an internal struggle that she overcame; rather, it is merely seen as a woman who sinned, a woman who shall therefore endure the punishment for the sin, rather than a woman who was never given a say in what she wanted with her life. Time and again, Hester Prynne is seen defying society by allowing herself to stand out from societal norm just as the roses “with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner“ (Hawthorne) did. Instead, she returns to the community and is observed aiding those in need, all with seven year old Pearl by her side.
For example, the first thing she instinctively clutches to is the A fastened on Hester’s chest: “But that first object of which Pearl seemed to become aware was the scarlet letter on Hester's bosom” (Hawthorne). Here, Pearl’s aberration illustrates her deviation from normality. While Hester believes Pearl’s outlandish nature is God’s punishment for her sin, Hester also recognizes that Pearl is a gift from God, representing possible redemption. Pearl’s shift from endearing to demon-like behavior reinforces the idea that Pearl is Hester’s savior, yet also her tormentor. Pearl’s attachment to the A was further exemplified when she “imitated, as best she could, on her own bosom the decoration with which she was so familiar on her mother's” (Hawthorne). Despite society’s belief that Hester can only redeem herself through public shame, wearing the A, Pearl believes that the only escape from sin is in nature, as shown through her creation of a green A. Additionally, Pearl intentionally made the A to provoke her mother, wondering “if mother will ask me what it means,” characterizing Pearl as Hester’s tormentor (Hawthorne). Furthermore, while Pearl is physically attached to the A, she is also mentally, as shown through her constant questioning of Hester. “what does this scarlet letter mean?—and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom?—and why does the minister keep his hand over his heart?” (Hawthorne). Pearl is
After being held captive by Indians after he was previously shipwrecked, he lays upon the town square only for his eyes to be met with Hester’s, who is being publicly shamed for her adulterous scandal. Due to his recent return from over a year of captivity his appearance is hideous, drawing attention from the local townsfolk. In order to lurk undercover, he creates a fake facade in which he is “a stranger to this region.” Going by the name “Roger Chillingworth,” he assumes the identity of a “leech.” By deceiving the colonists, he is able to perform the evil upon Dimmesdale that Hester feared. Chillingworth was able to live this double identity, one that only Hester was aware of, up until his death without feeling regret of his
In The Scarlett Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Arthur Dimmesdale keeps a secret; a secret that makes him so riddled with guilt, that eats away at his insides until he dies. In the last chapter, Hawthorne tells us to "Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred!
Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the most influential authors during the Romanticism time period. Hawthorne is most commonly known for his novel, The Scarlett Letter. That novel continues to still be read all over. In fact, I just read it for my history class. Not only can the novel be read for an English, but for a history class as well because of the Puritan background. Nathaniel Hawthorne wasn’t just an author that blended in within his era, he stood out. Hawthorne was unique. He used identifiable contexts that influenced his work, and wrote in mediums such as short stories and novels.
Hester continues to face conflict, this time with herself. When Hester faces the reality of the unpleasant situation she is faced with, her self conflict begins. Hester’s feelings are expressed when it is stated, “She clutched the child so fiercely to her breast that it sent forth a cry; she turned her eyes downward at the scarlet letter, and even touched it with her finger, to assure herself the infant and the shame were real” (52). Conflict within Hester’s life continues in mothering her curious child. Pearl’s curiosity is revealed when she asks, ‘ “. . . Mother dear, what does this scarlet letter mean? –and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom?” ’ (161). Hester feels the responsibility of protecting Pearl from knowing her mother’s sinful actions. The constant questioning puts Hester in a contradictory position. Mothering Pearl causes conflict a second time when Pearl is considered an outcast from other
Hester Prynne, the main character of the book "The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne, commits adultery, is considered a hussy, and has a child as the result of her sin. She cheats on her husband while he is absent from town and receives a harsh punishment for her behavior already. Hester is forced to wear a scarlet letter “A” on her bosom for the rest of her life. It is now on debate on whether or not Pearl should be taken away from her mother’s guidance. This is due to the fact that she is a sinner and might not be a qualified mother for her child.It is true, that no matter what you did in the past, a child is a blessing and parents change due to the love they have for their children. Therefore, Hester
Middle class women in the early nineteenth century became known only for their “passionless” sexuality and the ability to bear children (Myers-Shirk). While married men had the option to impregnate any woman they chose, women had the primary responsibility of raising the children while remaining faithful. During this era, common practice dictated that only women would face prosecution for infidelity or else face charges of a serious crime (Mawa). Society’s frame of mind during this time served to place men at the top of the “gender hierarchy” until, later in the century (Myers-Shirk). The notion that women received unjust treatment as compared to men also existed in the literature of that era. The Scarlett Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates the disparity of equality at the time. In this book, the author writes of a woman, Hester Prynne, who committed adultery and bore a child out of wedlock. Hester 's punishment handed down by the church resulted in incarceration followed by parading her through the town in an effort to shame her for her misdeeds (Hawthorne).
The paragraph displays a very descriptive appearance of the scarlet letter. The absence of the paragraph would have been hard for the readers to put an image in their head about the scarlet letter’s appearance. Furthermore, the man questioned about the meaning of the letter, which makes it the perfect paragraph to capture the readers attention. It was a mystery to the man and it makes it also a mystery for the readers. The paragraph gave a perfect amount of information about the appearance of the scarlet letter and nothing was omitted. The paragraph certainly enhanced the the plot of the book. The whole book is dedicated about the scarlet letter, about the meaning and how it affected Hester’s life and the people around her. The description