Trans Theoretical Model Essay

In this report it will investigate at least three recent health education campaigns and use them to explain two models of behaviour change. The three recent health education campaigns will be ‘Smoke Free’, ‘Change4Life’ and ‘FRANK’. The two models of behaviour change will be the theory of reasoned action and the stages of change model.

This model was developed to determine and predict change in addictive and health-promoting behaviors. TTM can also be used to understand abusive behavior. Individuals are divided into four stages of change based on their attitudes and behaviors. Pre-contemplation describes individuals who are not ready to change. The contemplation stage includes individuals who are starting to think about changing but have not begun the change. Action occurs when individuals start the process of changing their behavior, experiences, and environments to resolve their problems. Maintenance is the last stage and occurs when people want to remain changed and not go back to their previous behavior. Chances for positive outcomes increase when individuals are matched at the appropriate level that determines their readiness to change (Hellman et al., 2010). Based on research, individuals who are in the contemplation stage are the most likely to change their battering behavior (Scott & Wolfe,

In this part of my assignment I will describe 2 different theories of behaviour change in relation to health.

Change or Die by Alan Deutschman explored the complexities involved with changing an individual’s behavior. Initially, the article touches on changing behavior in regards to an individual’s health; stating that a relatively small percentage of population utilize the majority of healthcare resources and cite the major cause for usage is in the treatment of disease processes resulting from excessive behaviors such as smoking, drinking, over-eating and lack of exercise.

The transtheoretical model helps explain the patient’s behavior change related to the health aspects. As per this change agent, the patient’s purposeful behavior change consists of the cognitive and the performance-based elements. The five stages of the model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and the maintenance stage (Virginia Tech Continuing & Professional Education, n.d.).

Transtheoretical model research designed is used in this study. The transtheoretical model is sometimes referred to as stages of change, it is a model created to help us understand and motivate individuals to change behavior. Stages in trans-theoretical

Prochaska & DiClemente’s (1984) research suggests the Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is effective and has an impact in health promotion. The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is becoming a more popular and widely used resource for health promotion; this is because it can be applied with a number of addictive behaviours such as smoking, drug use and alcohol abuse (Whitelaw, et al, 2000). The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change has six stages these include, Pre contemplation this is when the patient is not seriously considering change, Contemplation This is when the patient is thinking about change, Preparation when the

PPB. I decided this model is the most applicable and relatable to Mr. PPB’s two main obstacles, which are inactivity and unhealthy food choices. Ruggiero (2000) declared that TTM is being used in application of diabetic care since 1993.In addition, it is based on a premise that people are at different stages of motivational readiness for engaging in health behaviors and intervention approaches are most useful when they are matched to a person 's current stage of change. It was also mentioned that a linear process is not expected as people may move forward and backward multiple times before changing for good. As Marshall and Biddle (2001) further emphasized that TTM is a dynamic rather than an “ all or nothing” phenomenon where evidence implied that individuals attempting to change their physical activity behavior move through a series of stages.

The Transtheoretical Model is a theory of health behavior that suggests that behavior change is a process, not an event. There are five stages of change someone can go through while attempting to engage in positive behavior: precontemplation, no intention to act within six months; contemplation, intention to act within six months; preparation, intention to act within the next thirty days along with some behavioral steps; action, changed behavior for less than six months, maintenance, changed behavior for more than six months; termination, end of the behavior. These stages are not linear, so an individual can move up and down the stages of change indiscriminately.

When using both TTM and SCT together preventative programs can become more successful. This article has expanded my knowledge about the Transtheoretical Model as well as the Social Cognitive Theory. I participated in a similar preventative program and at that time I didn’t realize the process of change that I was going through. I also didn’t realize that I was learning by observing the behaviors of others. I now see that the TTM and SCT are very important when understanding and monitoring behavior

Boskey (2014) concludes that a person’s willingness to change their health behaviors includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action and self-efficacy. For example, Carpenter (2010) report the Health Belief Model stipulates that a change may occur if individuals see an adverse health outcome to be severe and perceive them to be vulnerable to it. Other perceptions include benefits of behaviors that reduce the likelihood of that outcome to be high, and the barriers to adopting those behaviors low (Carter, 2010). Furthermore, the HBM addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors. It provides a way of understanding and predicting how clients will behave about their health and how they will comply with healthcare therapies (Boskey, 2014).

The trans-theoretical model is much more a process than content theory of therapy. The trans-theoretical model assumes that the content of therapy will vary from client to client. The client can initially serve as the expert on the content to be changed while the therapist serves as the expert on the processes that can produce change, but, the trans-theoretical therapist begins with the content determined by the client rather than a favored theory of personality. The stages of change are: 1. Pre-contemplation (Not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior that needs to be changed), 2. Contemplation (Acknowledging that there is a problem but not yet ready or sure of wanting to make a change), 3. Preparation/Determination (Getting

Implementing the change agent within an outpatient setting requires planning as to which was illustrated in Section E of this research document (Aveyard, 2012). In review of Trans-theoretical Model, it gives adaptive guidelines for implementation change agent (Aveyard, 2012). For instance, the model provides introductory modules via Pre-conception and Contemplation phases that guides change agent introduction and problem solving (Aveyard, 2012). Likewise, there are also modules to include termination where provisions will be afforded to staff via web-based modules on change agent, IT and mentorship by way of supervisor (Aveyard, 2012). In the event that the modules are not completed within the recommended timeframe department leaders must

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) was created by Prochaska and DiClemente. It is based on “(1) the stages of change, (2) the decisional balance scale, (3) the strong and weak principle, (4) self-efficacy, and (5) the processes of change” (Kelly, 2008, p. 149). A person’s progression through the stages depends on their perception of the advantages of adopting a healthy lifestyle (Kelly, 2008).

I had the opportunity to interact with a patient who has been attempting to quit smoking. The patient came in for 6-month recall, and she talked about her smoking habit and previous intervention attempt. A thorough questioning about her unsuccessful attempt helped me identify stress as a barrier to perform desire action because it triggered smoking. In the session, I aimed at finding what stage of Transtheoretical model (TTM) the patient is and how she associates her personals characteristic to smoking. Furthermore, as self-efficacy has been widely used to change smoking behavior (Gotay, 2005), I collected information on her readiness in using professional help to manage stress. My short term and a more logical aim for her intervention program was to help her move to the next stage because studies have suggested that patients have 2.66 times higher chances of success in long term follow up when they progress two stages in TTM (Procharska et al., 2001). At the end of the session, the patient convinced to go see professional who are expert in tobacco cessation and counselling.