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Trajectories In Early Childhood Education

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In early childhood education, many young children with challenging behaviors are suspended or expelled from school, because of their difficult to manage behaviors (Gilliam, 2005). Children who experience these harsh early disciplinary actions in school often continue to present problematic behaviors in school, which can have long-term negative impacts on their educational trajectories (Hemmeter, Santos, & Ostrosky, 2008). According to the U.S. Department of Education (2015), young children who are suspended or expelled from school are almost 10 times more likely to not complete high school, to experience academic failure, and to hold negative attitudes about school. Challenging behaviors are defined as actions that cause injury to self or others,

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