The Question of Tibetan Independence
China has occupied the Tibetan plateau with military force for over 50 years now. The legitimacy of Chinese claims to lawful control over Tibet is an extremely complicated issue, in many ways made more difficult by the unusual relationship Tibet maintained in relation to the international community before 1950. There are several competing considerations regarding Tibet’s rightful status, each to be addressed in turn. A historical account is necessary to address claims that Tibet has always been an integral part of China, as well as to determine what formal arrangements have existed in the past and with what parties. Determining the status of Tibet in international law is a crucial step in
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This supposed connection refers to a rather complex relationship that has evolved over a period of centuries. Though historically there certainly has been contact and some degree of connection between Tibet and China, this connection does not necessarily provide the basis for Chinese claims to lawful possession of Tibet. One fundamental issue when dealing with the legal status of Tibet is to first determine what the name “Tibet” refers to, which is in fact enormously controversial. The current Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) as designated by the PRC is not equivalent to the traditional “Greater Tibet” referred to by Tibetans. There are large groups of ethnically Tibetan people in the Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu provinces of China, separate from the TAR. These regions lay outside of what Melvyn Goldstein terms “political Tibet”, the central Tibetan areas administered as part of Tibet more or less continuously since the inception of unified Tibetan government. Tibetans in exile consider the eastern regions, which they know as Kham and Amdo to also be contained within “Tibet”. Goldstein dubs these areas “ethnographic Tibet” (Goldstein xi).
The distinction between “political” and “ethnographic” Tibet creates confusion, much of it willful, in discussion of the historical relations between Tibet and China. For example, there are instances where the Chinese claim that they received governmental
The Tibetans and the Navajo Native Americans are from different cultures. The Tibetan’s have lived intertwined with China for centuries. They tried to free themselves from China rules yet they failed. The 14th Dalai Lama fled China and found exile in India. China to this day has total control over Tibetan people. “Using all the tools of repression to deter and punish Tibetan resistance” as stated on Free Tibet. The people of Tibet are dedicated to the Dalai Lama. The monks and nuns play a vital part in the community, furthermore they are viewed as teachers and mentors. The Chinese did not want the Dalai Lama to have the followers that he had. If a person how any paraphernalia of the Dalai Lama could lead to their incarceration and or torture. The Chinese monitors and controls the religious aspects in Tibet. Consequently, the Chinese government found the devotion of the Tibetans to the Dalai Lama as a danger to their political goals. By way of contrast with the conflict with the Chinese government, the monks live a simple life. The Tibetan monks believes in the liberation of all being, personal enlightenment, compassion and nature around us.
“In 1949 35,00 Chinese troops invaded Tibet.”This was put into detail in an article by Hisyam Takiudin.The Chinese raped,tortured,and murdered one fifth of the Tibetan population,most in work camps and during arbitrary.As a result,47 million people in all have died during these tragic times. The brutality was so bad that the parents with children were forced to bury their children alive when they disobeyed.These crimes have lasted 49 years! Evidently,these crimes are still being committed! In Tibet today there is still no freedom of speech,religion, and arbitrary detainment still continues. As Tibetans are being slaughtered,we’re sitting here doing
In 1950, China sent 40,000 Chinese troops, ironically known as “the People’s Liberation Army”, to invade a relatively large and peaceful country named Tibet for their abundant resources. Due to this national crisis, the position of the 14th Dalai Lama was given to Tenzin Gyatso (“Birth to Exile”). Over the next few decades, China’s harassment of Tibet caused a myriad of problems, such as famines, the destruction of many sacred Buddhist monasteries and other cultural sites, etc. Thirty year after the initial Chinese invasion, the people of Tibet protested out of outrage that nothing has changed for thirty years, to which China responded with brutal force to stop the protesters. Due to the Dalai Lama’s
In “Prisoners of Geography” the author states that without the Himalayas between China and India their “relationship would probably be frosty” (Marshall 188). China and India’s main problem is Tibet, the highest region in the world. China refused to give India Tibet so they could prevent India from basing military forces there. This made India respond by giving home to the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan independence movement in Dharamsala. Another conflict China is stirring up between these two nation is the fact that China has claimed the northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh as “south Tibet.
The Republic of China never attained direct control over Tibet, and so there was a de facto independent Tibetan state. This unofficial and unrecognized country continued to exist for about forty years. During this time, Tibet was controlled by a very conservative people. Refusing to modernize and/or industrialize. When the communist revolution in China occurred, and the former government fled to Taiwan, they would have to face a new threat: the People’s Republic of China. The People’s Republic claimed that the Tibetan government was exploiting the citizens as serfs, and that they should be liberated from them by none other than the People’s Liberation Army. Although Tibet actually had a high resemblance to medieval European feudalism, the government never exploited the citizens per se. When the PLA was at their doorstep, they were nowhere near prepared and were conquered by the Chinese. They were eventually officially annexed into China, and the 14th Dalai Lama was exiled to India. Under the PRC, the Tibetans endured many hardships that were brought upon them. The so-called Great Leap Forward led to widespread starvation, and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution led the Red Army to destroy thousands of cultural artifacts and sites,
On the international level, China had unfortunately found itself relatively isolated. The United States considered the Maoist government a threat to stability in the Far East, and conflicts in aims had marred the country’s relations with the Soviet Union. So, rather than
This essay will investigate the impact that Buddhism had on Human rights in China. Discussion will centre on the history of Buddhism in China and the Cultural Revolution. Considering how Marxist ideology implemented changes to the religion of Buddhism and the social conditions in this country, using politics has the base to build this essay to analyse the impact of communism on religion ,regarding Tibet. The paper will then discus the post communist society up until the present day using human right issues in Beijing and how if any changes have being made to implement religious freedom and democracy in China in the present era.
In 1950 the People's Republic of China took over the predominately Buddhist country of Tibet, in a sense bringing full circle for Daoists and Confucians in Tang China’s desire to eradicate Buddhism as reflect in both Emperor Wuzong Edict and Han Zu’s letter.
In keeping with the historic Chinese conviction(never actually formalized) that Tibet was at the very least a vassal state of China, the Nationalist government took the official stated view that Tibet was an integral part of the Republic of China (Xu 1063). Therefore, we deferred to the Nationalist point of view when considering Tibet’s legal status in the 1940s. The fact that the KMT believed Tibet to be part of China would be a factor in the US Tibet policy as long as the KMT remained in power in mainland China ( Norbu 264). In fact, if the KMT somehow managed to hold on to power in China in the Civil War against the Communists, the US would have declined to support Tibetan independence. However, by 1948 the KMT’s defeat was imminent and the US Ambassador in India recognized the possibility that if the “Communists succeed in controlling all of China…we should be prepared to treat Tibet as independent to all intents and purposes” (Knaus 55). At this early stage, even with such statements bringing up the issue of recognizing Tibetan independence, the US continued to make an effort to avoid alienating Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT (Roberts 2).
Tibetan Buddhists Genocide What Is Genocide? A Genocide are the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. In other words a Genocide is one type of people deciding to kill another type of people because of their race, religion, or just different. For example, Adolph Hitler killed Jewish people because he thought Jewish people were the reason why the Germans lost World War I Tibetan Buddhists The religion of Tibetan, a form of Mahayana Buddhism. However, Tibet refers to a mountainous region in Central Asia, covering 2.5 million square kilometers. Today, Tibet occupied by China. However, the Dalai Lama, the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people, lives in exile in India,
Beijing’s One China version, stating that Taiwan is part of the PRC, has never been accepted by foreign states. While foreign governments recognize the PRC as the legal government of China, they almost uniformly disagree with the PRC’s territorial claim over Taiwan. That is why, in their respective the US and the UK simply “acknowledge,” Canada “takes note of,” and Japan “understands and respects” the PRC’s position that Taiwan is part of China.11 These carefully chosen terms, used instead of the word, “recognize,” as well as negotiations history, directly refute the RPC’s claim of an “international consensus” that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. These foreign countries’ positions also imply that the ROC’s loss of recognition does not extinguish its statehood (Hsieh, P., 2009).
Learning about Tibet has been a very interesting experience for me. I have never heard of Tibet until this project, and I'm surprised by the all the different culture and some of the similarities between the US and Tibet. One of the most interesting things I learned during this was the different murals that Tibetans created. The murals are so colorful and they show the history of Tibet, which has really inspired me. I’ve noticed during this project that Tibet and the US are somewhat similar. Both countries have the technology, such as Phones and tv, and have festivals for example both the US and Tibet have New Years, but other than that, Tibet and the US are very different. Each country has their own religious belief, different kinds of food,
(Routray) argues that all aspects of Tibetan culture and life along with the medical and political sys-tems are profoundly influenced by Buddhism and this same cultural beliefs created a gender bounda-ries in the name of safeguarding identity and ethnicity.
Oppression and discrimination has existed and continues to exist in the past, present, and future history of the United States. The mistreatment of particular groups infringe on the idea that all individuals are free and equal. Liberation ideology strives to eliminate external and internal oppression of particular groups in both a formal and informal method in our legal system and society. This ideology believes in the freedom and equality of the individual. Similar to welfare liberalism, strong government interaction is necessary to eliminate oppression in the legal system. In our current bipartisan ideological government system, liberation ideology continues to face oppression and discrimination.
In the following paragraphs will prove that Manchurian is not a sovereign state while Outer Mongolia is. Declarative theory and constitutive theory will be used for explanation. Attitude of China towards the two cases will be discussed and finally will be the conclusion.