THYRISTOR RAM
Muktesh Waghmare, Raman Gaikwad
1: Principle:
Thyristor is well-known for its high-current drive capability and its bi-stable characteristics. It has been widely used in power electronics applications. With the exponential advances in CMOS technology tiny thyristor devices can now be easily embedded into conventional nano-scale CMOS. This enables the creation of a memory cell technology with features that include small cell size, high performance, reliable device operation, and good scalability. Use of thyristor provides a positive regenerative feedback that results in very large bit cell operation margins. The difference is that the four-transistor CMOS latch of a 6T-SRAM is replaced by the PNP-NPN bipolar latch of a
…show more content…
Indium is known to have an acceptor level which is 156 meV above the top of the valence band of silicon. As a result, the fraction of ionized indium atoms increases with temperature, resulting in reduced gain. Such a thyristor (TCCT) that has good thermal stability, large switching speed and a small fabrication size is used to create memory cells. Two possible thyristor cell structures for memory devices are as follows:
3.1: Thyristor based S-RAM: T-RAM consists of a thin vertical thyristor with a surrounding MOS gate as the bi stable element and a planar NMOSFET as the access transistor. A novel gate-assisted switching mechanism is used in T-RAM which enables the thyristor to switch at a high speed and a low voltage level. [5]
: Write operation:
Both WL1 and WL2 are high. The first word-line will control the access gate while the second word-line will control the thyristor gate. When writing a "high", the bit-line BL is set at low, and both word-lines WL1, WL2 are switched on. At this moment, the thyristor behaves like a forward biased PN diode. After a write operation, both gates are shut off, and a "high" state is stored in the thyristor.
When writing a "low", the bit-line BL is set at "high" state, and both word-lines WL1, WL2 are switched on. At this moment, the thyristor behaves like a reverse biased diode. After the write operation, both gates are shut off, and a "low" state is stored in the thyristor
Read
In TLS storage ring corrector magnet power supplies major work is used to correction the magnet filed direction of electronic beam track. Those need high precision satiable output current of magnet power supply. In Fig. 1shown, the correction power converter module with power system rack, which could be operation eight piece power converter modules by control the MCOR 12/30A single ended analog signal interface card as shown Fig. 2. Those inner circuits had the bi-directional analogy buffer and isolate circuit used to protection analogy signal of MPS.
TP1 is the output of an OR gate. The Boolean operator for the OR gate is + and the inputs are A and B. Refer to Chapter 3 of the textbook for more information.
The inverter: The voltage from the base boost will be transferred to the inverter board. The inverter converts the direct current voltage to alternating current voltage for the transmitter to use it.
Emerging nonvolatile memory technologies such as magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and phase change memory (PCM) can be integrated on the top of conventional 2D CMOS at the back-end-of-the-line using low-temperature processing [17], [18]. Hence, these technologies provide high-density nonvolatile storage with very fast access speeds and high bandwidths, which is a key solution to the Von-Neumann bottleneck.
Abstract— In this research work we present hybrid CMOS (H-CMOS) logic style for the performance improvement of one bit full Adder cell. This structure provides better implementation of for the proposed full Adder in terms of delay and compared to its counterpart power delay product. It is expected to that the propagation delay of the proposed structure of the full Adder provides more than 22 percent less compared to the next fastest Adder available. HSpice simulations using 65nm technology with a power supply of 1.2V was utilized to evaluate the performance of the circuits.
The mote’s size makes energy management a key component. The circuit will contain circuits, a temperature sensor, and A/D converter, microprocessor, SRAM, communications circuits, and power control circuits. Sensors work together with the IC, which will operate from a power source integrated with the platform.
Approach: - Static as well as dynamic power dissipation can be reduced effectively by reducing the supply voltage. Dynamic power has a quadratic dependency on supply voltage, while both sub-threshold leakage (due to Drain Induced Barrier Lowering, DIBL) and gate leakage exhibit exponential dependencies on the supply voltage. However reducing supply voltage may create problems in circuit operation. Use of dual-VDD is a well-known technique to reap the benefits of voltage scaling without the performance penalty. The timing critical blocks in the design operate on the normal VDD (or VDDH), while non-critical blocks operate on a second supply rail with a lower voltage (or VDDL).
As correctly predicted by Moore, transistor density on a chip continues to scale with each processor generation along with power density [1]. Futhermore, Dennard stated that as the transistor size is reducing the power used stays in proportion with area i.e with size of transistor scaling the voltage and current required will scale too [2]. Moore Law continues to hold true even today but the Dennard’s scaling law has failed due to slowed voltage scaling [3] , as a result the chip
Some researchers have pointed out problems with the memristor models of HP Labs. A paper by P. Meuffels and H. Schroeder published in Applied Physics a noted that one of the early memristor papers included a mistaken assumption regarding
The object of our topic is the extended studies of I~V characteristics of VMOS with the variation of channel parameters. VMOS transistor is a type of metal oxide semiconductor transistor. VMOS is also used for describing the V-groove shape vertically cut into the sub-strate- material. VMOS, abbreviation for VMOS is vertical metal oxide semiconductor”. In a VMOS current flows from vertically upwards from drain to source. It can be mostly use in power amplification and audio switching, positive temperature coefficient and we can easily operate. It has emerged as the solutions of changing the shape of channel to give the voltage more quickly than the other transistor. We will show how we can make it more efficient and significant by changing drain to source channel shape. We want to extend the idea of VMOS I~V characteristics using other group (iii-iv) materials instead of SiO2, Si and P or changing the structure of gate, source and drain. As it is a bit costly we will try to make it cost effective and reduce the leakage current.
The CA3140A and CA3140 are integrated circuit operational amplifiers that combine the advantages of high voltage PMOS transistors with high voltage bipolar transistors on a single monolithic chip. The CA3140A and CA3140 BiMOS operational amplifiers feature gate protected MOSFET (PMOS) transistors in the input circuit to provide very high input impedance, very low input current, and high speed performance. The CA3140A and CA3140 operate at supply voltage from 4V to 36V (either single or dual supply). These operational amplifiers are internally phase compensated to achieve stable operation in unity gain follower
The semiconductor industry constantly demanding greater features miniaturization, device density and lower cost. It has motivated the combination of analog circuit with digital subsystem. Analog circuits contain extremely sensitive circuits e.g. opamp and comparator which can take a few µvolt of signal at their input and convert them to several volts at their outputs. Digital circuits on the other hand operate with rapidly switching waveforms
We have now discussed the two extremes in electronic materials; a conductor, and an insulator we will now move to a material that lies in between these two, a semiconductor. The
When the current exceeds its pre-determined value, solenoid forces the moveable contact to open and the MCB turns off and discontinuing the current to flow in the circuit. To resume the flow of current; the MCB needs to be turned on manually.
Fig 19: Comparative analysis of V-I characteristics of MESFET at different W & VGS = 0.0V