Three Is Not Enough Sharon Begley

The PBS series “Race: The Power of an Illusion” effectively works to expose race as a social construct and deconstructs the false notions that race is a biological marker. The series first discusses that all human beings originated from Africa but dispersed about 70,000 years ago to various places in the world. As a result of this migration, people were spread to different locations throughout the world with different environmental conditions that affected their physical traits. It was many years after the migration in which people began to display these new physical traits such as slanted eyes, fair skin, and differing hair textures. While the series notes the physical changes that occurred during the migration it also emphasizes that race while it may seem apparent in skin color and other physical features has no real biological basis.

Scholars say that the term race should not be used because it does not have any basis in scientific fact and really has no use today. According to the AAA’s statement on race, there is 94% variance in genes of individuals within one “racial” group. Race has its basis in colonization, when trying to conjure reasons why some groups of people, i.e. Native Americans and Africans, had lower places in society than the white people. That’s why the groups of “races” are so broad and meaningless today. The concept of race is just used to spread prejudice and give so called “scientific reasons” to discriminate against another group. The term

What is race? Some people attach "race" to a biological meaning, yet others use "race" as a socially constructed concept. “Most biologists and anthropologists do not recognize race as a biologically valid classification, in part because there is more genetic variation within groups than between them” (. So, it is clear that even though race does not have a biological meaning, it does have a social meaning - usually detrimental to our social harmony. Race is neither an essence nor an illusion, but

Throughout the video, Race: The Power of Illusion, it describes how the human eye identifies race by physical appearance, which includes skin color, hair texture, and body shape. However, in this video, we learn that genetics can tell us something completely different. Our genetics can help determine that an individual can have a genetic makeup of more than one race. Alan Goodman, an anthropologist, said the following, “to understand why the idea of race is a biological myth requires a major paradigm shift.” I do agree with his statement. Our society is so focused on race and that a person’s skin color automatically associated them to one specific race. After watching this video, I believe that this is false. People have genetic makeups of

“Think about race in its universality. Where is your measurement device? There is no way to measure race. We sometimes do it by skin color, other people may do it by hair texture - other people may have the dividing lines different in terms of skin color. What is black in the United States is not what 's black in Brazil or what 's black in South Africa.”-Dr.Goodman, Race: The Power of an Illusion

The assumptions made about race are often superficial assumption based on features in a person that are attempted to be used as an identifier of someone’s race such as hair texture, complexion, eye shape, etc. in contrast to popular belief science has proven that there is no specific feature that genetically Is attributed to a certain race.

Race is a hot topic in our world. We all think we know what race is. After all, we are constantly being bombarded with it whether it be from media, politics, or sports. The truth is that race does not revolve around the idea of biological traits or characteristics. It is a modern concept that we as a society have created to divide people into categories. I will argue that race is socially constructed from a biological, political history, and sociological standpoint, and how it may impact other areas of our society.

As a black girl, I have thought about race a lot. I have personally seen how race has affected my education, opportunities, dealings with police, employment, and everyday interactions with people. Of course, I know that race does not exist as a scientific category. The theory of race is not a biological reality, and has been proven as illegitimate.There is after all only one race - the human race. We all have the same basic characteristics and genetically are all homo sapien sapiens. Our physical differences can be explained by means of Charles Darwin’s concept of human variation. Thus, our various physical characteristics such as skin colour and hair texture are a result of our ancestors geographical origins. In contrast to its biological

Race is not determined by biological factors, but it is a socially constructed idea. It is a way of differentiating people, because race is one of the first features that a person notice about one another. In the United States, we still see race as skin color to judge everyone to as what group they belong to. By knowing that racism is socially constructed we would be able to educate

Race is more than the biological component in the dictionary. Race is part of the person’s identity, their culture, social place in society, ethnic and religious characteristics (Reflective Journal, 28 May 2015). Racism is generally defined as avoidable and unfair inequalities are perpetuated based on race that further disadvantage the disadvantaged or further advantage the advantaged (Berman and Paradies 2010; Paradies al et., 2008, p.4; Priest, et al., 2014, p. 2).

Today, social scientists refer to race as a “social construct” and there is no shortage of definitions that refer to race as a social construct. (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013, p.2) “Race and ethnicity are social constructions because their meanings are derived by focusing on arbitrary characteristics that a given society deems socially important… and are social products based on cultural values not scientific facts. (Gallagher, 1997, p.2). It is my firm belief that race is something man made in definition and as such so is the results related to racial issues.

Race is a social-constructed terminology where it categorizes people into groups that share certain distinctive physical characteristics such as skin color. However, race and racial identity is unstable, unfixed and constantly shifting, as race, typically, is a signifier of prevalent social conflict and interest. Although, many, particularly anthropologists and sociologists, argue in the aforementioned point of view, some – mainly white population -- believe that racial characteristics are biologically inherited.

When describing Race they state that its roots are not within the biological realm. That Race is a social construct and cannot be defined genetically.

The concept of race and the meanings associated with the term have continuously changed and evolved throughout history. Many negative connotations have been associated with the word race and these are evident as one reflects on the historical origins of the term. Commonly the term race is closely connected to the notion of ‘racism.’ Racism is a specific form of prejudice which focuses on physical variations between people. It describes the ideological belief that a person, or groups of people can be classified into ‘races’ which can be ranked in terms of superiority and inferiority (Spoonley, 1988:4). Giddens defines racism as “the attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics” (1997:584). This supports the idea that racism is a manner of prejudice or animosity against people who have different physical characteristics. It is in virtue of circumstances such as these that Anthropologists find it necessary to make a distinction between the concepts of race and ethnicity.

Race is socially constructed and does not have anything to do with biology. Science is not a factor is determining a person’s race. As discussed in episode 1 of Race Power of an Illusion, there are no distinct markers in DNA that exist for one race and not the others. One indicator of race is the color of skin. For example, someone with very light skin is considered white whether they are from Northern America or from anywhere in Europe. Someone with much darker skin than someone considered white, such as someone who has skin as dark as Martin Luther King, is considered black. Suppose this might lead people to believe that biology is involved in determining a person’s race. Now consider a person who is half black and half white, meaning one biological parent is black and the other is white, and suppose their skin color is as dark or almost as dark as Martin Luther King. What racial category would this person be placed under? This person will automatically be labeled black or mixed, but not white because they do not look white enough. However, mathematically and scientifically, this person should have an equal percentage of being white or black, yet they do not and will not be considered white. We, as people, have decided to label a