Thomas Kuhn's Conception Of A Paradigm

A paradigm is defined as how you perceive or see something. Therefore, a paradigm shift is when your perception of something is changed or challenged. For many characters in the movie Remember the Titans, the struggle of integration and football challenges their thoughts on racial segregation. While many of the characters don't agree with the idea of integration and believe that they are superior to the rest, paradigm shifts happen for most every one of the characters. Throughout the movie we see that both adults, teens, and children have paradigms of others, themselves, and relationships.

Kuhn defines “normal science” as research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements achieves that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.” He later referred to achievements sharing these two characteristics as “paradigms”. Bawazer’s discussion very well could be the dawning of a new scientific paradigm as discussed by Kuhn is his essay. Kuhn goes on to state, “Men whose research is based on shared paradigms are committed to the same rules and standards for scientific practice. That commitment and the apparent consensus it produces are prerequisites for normal science, i.e., for the genesis and continuation of a particular research tradition” (900). Clearly, the research studies Luke Bawazer’s has conducted could definitely qualify as a new scientific paradigm discussed by Kuhn. Other examples that may qualify as new scientific paradigm are highlighted in Bawazer’s Tedtalk video such as the work of Joe Davis and colleagues, who inserted the gene into bacteria to produce a functioning bacteria radio. Another example of this type of technology highlighted in the video by Angela Belcher, shows that viruses can be used to build batteries and solar cells. No doubt, this definitely the dawning of a new scientific

In “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” Thomas Kuhn argues that normal science inevitably runs into a crisis. Why is it necessarily the case? Is there a way to avoid scientific crises?

“When you change the way you look at things. The things you look at change.”-Wayne Dyer an American philosopher. What are paradigms and paradigms shift? Well first of they can be seen everywhere but, a paradigm is a way someone sees something, their point of view or frame of reference. A paradigm shift is looking at something from a different perspective, it's like putting on a new pair of glasses. It’s also a fundamental change in approach or assumption. Paradigms can be anything like places people and even things The three stories Amir, Fairy Tale and the last spin are all great examples of both paradigms, paradigms shifts and how they all come together.

In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato describes, with a dialectic between Socrates and his student Glaucon, a world in which humans are chained to the wall of a dark cave, seeing only shadows but believing them to be reality. Glaucon at first abhors the idea of staying the cave, but through careful manipulation, Socrates convinces him to return to the cave. Socrates’ and therefore Plato's words are carefully measured and detached, to appeal to his intellectual audience of mainly philosophers to follow in Glaucon’s footsteps and return to the cave in order to govern how Plato sees most fit. Building up Glaucon’s confidence by reversing his role as a teacher and complimenting him, Socrates creates a sense of responsibility to a greater cause

The goal of science as a collective institution is to produce more and more accurate explanations of how the natural world works, what its components are, and how the world has become what it is today. The scientific community works toward these explanations through a systematic organization of knowledge about the material universe. It is the principle concern of science to frame theories and discover patterns of relations among an incredible amount of data in such a way that a small number of principles can explain a larger amount of propositions concerning these phenomena. The scientific community progresses by detecting

By the 5th century C.E. the western roman empire crumbled. There have been many historians with serval different theories such as military failures, almost unbearable taxation, natural disasters and religious change. The roman empire did not completely collapse as the eastern side known as the Byzantine empire lasted a fair amount of time after the fall of western Rome. One of the most popular theories and possibility the most straight forward is a mass amount of military failures. Invasions by barbarian tribes like the goths, Visigoth king Alaric raided the city of Rome and this may have made Rome look weak as it is believed to be raided several more times.

Kuhn (1996) describes a paradigm as the accepted norm of a science. The standards, rules, and scientific tradition one follows in a particular area of scientific study comprise the paradigm. Research, such as the one described here, “is a cumulative enterprise, eminently successful in its aim, the steady extension of the scope and precision of scientific knowledge” (p. 52). The study provided

In this essay I attempt to answer the following two questions: What is Karl Popper’s view of science? Do I feel that Thomas Kuhn makes important points against it? The two articles that I make reference to are "Science: Conjectures and Refutations" by Karl Popper and "Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research?" by Thomas Kuhn.

“normal science [occurs], change accumulates slowly and research is “firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundations for its further practice” (as cited in Staley, 2014, p. 56).

Karl Popper argues that theories cannot be considered scientific if they do not leave any room for the possibility of being false (P.O.S. 473-474). He argues that scientists must strive to prove themselves wrong rather than right, because while there may be a hundred pieces of ‘evidence’ to support a theory, it only takes one to knock the entire idea to the ground. Thomas Kuhn disagrees with this generalization based on the argument that how science should be done is very different than how it is done and that scientists very rarely try to prove their theories false. Instead, Kuhn presents science not linear or cumulative as Popper suggests, but rather

Marshall Sahlins’ has a quote that we stand on the shoulders of giants to shit on their heads reflects the idea of paradigm shift. The shoulders personify the collective knowledge of those researchers before us, as students it is where we gain our information. It is not through our own work that we initially study our respective fields; we study the accumulation of work that those giants have codified. The shit represents new ideas, criticism, and reworking of the previously held beliefs. The constant questioning of beliefs, seeking new answers is an intrinsic feature of scientific inquiry. This holds true not only in the hard sciences but in the social sciences as well, some may say to an even greater extent, due to the nature of the

Kuhn himself used the term rather loosely in his landmark book “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”, referring to either the laws and principles that govern scientific inquiry within a specific field or just a collection of landmark works showcasing a common body of beliefs. Although one could consider arguing that the Copernican revolution (but definitely not Copernicus himself) started the shift away from deriving scientific knowledge from scripture and thus he started a paradigm shift in the former sense, those implications are fairly removed from Copernicus himself. As such, arguing whether he initiated a paradigm shift in the latter sense is a more meaningful

The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they don’t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories “new” based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what is going on in science, it is clear to me that the scientific world is in a crisis state. According to Kuhn, a crisis state is when science is in the middle of choosing a particular paradigm to work under. For scientists, there is a general theme

With time passing by, humanity is obligated to change and adapt to its surroundings in order to maintain a healthy society. Naturally, evolution will cause a gradual development, changing something from its primitive, simple form into its more complex and able form. The common believe is that our biological state is the only entity prone to these alterations, but it is evident that our mindset and point of views are also subject to change by such process. Revolutions, defined as fundamental changes in the ways of thinking about or of visualizing something , could be applied to different aspects of society such as politics, social structures, entertainment, fine arts and science. Moreover, a scientific revolution is known to merge different