Oceanography also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. It covers a wide range of topics, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within it: biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology, and physics as well as geography.
History
Humans first acquired knowledge of the waves and currents of the seas and oceans in
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In Britain, there is a major research institution: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton which is the successor to the Institute of Oceanography. In Australia, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, known as CMAR, is a leading center. In 1921 the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) was formed in Monaco.
Ocean currents (1911)
In 1893, Fridtjof Nansen allowed his ship "Fram" to be frozen in the Arctic ice. As a result he was able to obtain oceanographic data as well as meteorological and astronomical data. The first international organization of oceanography was created in 1902 as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
The first acoustic measurement of sea depth was made in 1914. Between 1925 and 1927 the "Meteor" expedition gathered 70,000 ocean depth measurements using an echo sounder, surveying the Mid atlantic ridge. The Great Global Rift, running along the Mid Atlantic Ridge, was discovered by Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen in 1953 while the mountain range under the Arctic was found in 1954 by the Arctic Institute of the USSR. The theory of seafloor spreading was developed in 1960 by Harry Hammond Hess. The Ocean Drilling Project started in 1966. Deep sea vents were discovered in 1977 by John Corlis and Robert Ballard
1950- Oceanographic vessels provided data on features of the ocean basin with lead to the discovery of mid-ocean ridges.
Going around the world and finding more clues. They uncovered many clues. A group of biologists started another project called PoLAR-FIT. This project had to do with Pliocene landscape amd Arctic remains. They wanted to focus on the arctic because that location is also warming up.
Originating in the United States, ms-13 and similar gangs have had a devastating impact on central America. This article describes the origins from the United States and how through the Los Angeles Riots and other tough on crime policies had the effect of placing many immigrants and criminals back in their home country of central America. The deportees some of that might have been criminals and taken to the United States as children, united in desperation to become ms-13. The article further describes the brutality that the gangs have committed in the region. Through drug trade, smuggling and senseless murder, life in central America has been disturbed by gangs and have become a national security there. The dangers of gangs in central America
The impact of the unknow is only holding us back from our greatest potential. Zinn goes in great depths describing the true American History and the impact it has made for the future. The America that is displayed in the book has a more realistic viewpoint of many of our tragic events, that occurred and made an impact to change our history. Overall through our good and bad as a nation we need to grown to ecapt all as it is, for it makes who we are and what our history is. Applying the truth now only opens the door of the positive possibilities to come from learning from our worst disasters, to greatest victories. This shows the highs and lows, the reality of what actually occurred to make natural Americans. Zinn describes in his Afterword that
Thank you for sharing with us. As I was reading your posting. something popped into my head. Why did they keep this law, if you consider, right after the Civil War, state leaders were pushed into coming to grips with civil and political rights for African Americans and had to adjust some of the laws to accommodate emancipation. But, our government, this so-called president that was against slavery, did not change the state’s anti-miscegenation law. I was helping a friend with some support papers and something dawned on me. I think perhaps some other factors kept these book laws on the books. This law was put in place originally to protect white slaveholders who had illegitimate kids with African American slaves. If white masters
SEIU-UHW is a powerful, cutting-edge union of healthcare workers leading for better health, quality care, and good jobs. With 80,000 to 90,000 thousand members working in nearly every part of the healthcare industry, SEIU-UHW is the premiere, pre-eminent front-line voice on healthcare in California and has members with a creative, innovative and bold strategies to improve healthcare workers’ standard of living and make California the healthiest state in our nation; but can only make it happen with great members, Organizers and leaders utilizing award winning strategies and education campaigns and plans to reach the masses of workers throughout California.
A freshman college level English Composition course aims to improve students' abilities with writing, critical thinking, mechanics and usage, punctuation, grammar, and vocabulary. By studying English 101 at Luzerne County Community College, I will work diligently to improve in all of these aspects. My main focus is to develop skills specifically to create clear and concise thesis statements, strong and persuasive essays with cajolement, and to develop different perspectives on narratives and other essays. These writing skills may also improve my critical thinking and reading skills.
Shipwreck at the Bottom of the Worldvividly recreates one of the most extraordinary adventure stories in history. In August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and 27 men sailed from England in an attempt to become the first team of explorers to cross the Antarctic continent from one side to the other. Five months later and still 100 miles from land, their ship,Endurance, became trapped. The expedition survived an Antarctic winter in the icebound ship, then, afterEndurancesank, five months camped on the ice followed by a perilous boat journey through storms and icebergs to remote and unvisited Elephnat Island, 600 miles from Cape Horn. From there, their only hope was for someone to fetch help. In a dramatic climax to this amazing survival story, Shackleton
Two famous myths from the ancient world, “Pandora’s Box” and “Loo Wit, The Firekeeper,” describe human suffering in their own way. The theme of “Pandora’s Box” is acting out of revenge will only lead to suffering. The all-mighty god, Zeus, cultivated a plan out of revenge for what Prometheus had done (shown fire to the humans), “Zeus extended his displeasure… It was a scheme which would [affect]... the whole race of human beings…” (Untermeyer 1).
The founders realized that they needed to fill the gap. There Oceana was created, an international organization focused entirely on oceans itself. Oceana is dedicated to achieve change by operating science-based campaigns with clear goals.
America should eliminate the common core throughout the country because common core doesn’t give control to teachers and the parents, doesn’t guarantee improvement, and misses the point of education. The reasoning behind the common core is that “15-year-olds rank 31st in math literacy and 23rd in science literacy.” In 2009 the common core was adopted by most of the United States, but doesn’t mean it was the best idea. The person that came up with common core never even worked in an elementary school. The essay goes to talk about how the power is in the hands of the people that made up the common core. Not the teachers or the student's parents that know the kids best. Then talks about the people that made up common core get to pick and choose
Thesis: The implementation of Common Core in American schools is costing millions of American tax dollars that supply an education policy that fails to be well rounded and fully representative of the student population in the 21st century; damaging the current and future framework of the U.S. education system.
oceanographers study the ocean which cover seventy percent of the earth's surface. They study the largest area on earth which we have not seen ninety five percent of and where an estimated five hundred million people go year during the summer. They have found many things but they still have many fish and oil pockets to find in the ninety five percent that we have not seen, and hey who knows what we will find maybe we will find the next big source of energy in the ocean or a new type of fish that can
The few facts that are known about the ocean and its processes are not a part of common knowledge. This is due to the lack of information that is advertised to the public, lack of
Possible careers for those intrigues in marine biology include a teaching position, being a research scientist, hydrologist,