Theme Of Marie's Laise

Throughout the Lais of Marie de France there are several themes presented as central to the various stories. Some of these themes are present in all of the lais. One such example is that of courtly love and it's implications. Courtly love being one of the more prominent themes in all of medieval literature, it is fittingly manifested in all of the lais as well. Another theme present in two of the lais is isolation. The theme of isolation plays a large role in the stories of Guigemar and Lanval. In each of these lais we see isolation as a factor in determining the fates of the central figures. Within each lai isolation is represented on several different occasions, each time having a direct impact on the outcome. These instances of

The main focus of the story is on Bertrande de Rols and her place in sixteenth century society, especially as a wife. At the age of nine, Bertrande was married to Martin Guerre who was a

Marie de France relies heavily on the literary element of symbolism in the story of Laustic to create an audience that is sympatric and concerned towards the characters. The nightingale is a fundamental symbol for the story because it ties all of Marie’s elements together. When the wife introduces the nightingale as her reason for going to the window at night, the female character has made the bird the symbol for the love shared between the wife and the neighbor (1). Furthermore, the nightingale has direct relations to the symbols of the blood stain, the actual death of the bird, and the shrine for the bird. After the husband kills the bird he throws it at the wife leaving a blood stain on her dress, which is “meant to symbolize her wounded

Although the Lais of Marie de France may seem to be ordinary tales of knights and chivalry, each explores the complicated issues surrounding love, loyalty, and gender. Marie uses four stories in particular to make statements on the relationships between men and women of that time.

In her poem "Lanval," Marie de France shares a fantasy with her readers, telling the tale of a mysterious woman who journeys from a distant land to be with Lanval, a dishonored knight of King Arthur's Round Table. Marie's portrayal sets Lanval's mistress apart from the maidens and ladies in waiting at King Arthur's court, as she eclipses even Queen Guenever. Much like an editor of a modern woman's fashion magazine, Marie targets her audience of mostly aristocratic twelfth-century women. She describes a mysterious lady whose retinue, meadow pavilion, clothing, figure, cultured sentiments, deportment, and conduct depict her as a superior being. Lanval's mistress is a model Marie's readers

During the medieval times, Marie de France, unlike the male writers of her time, wrote courtly stories that depicted women who were predominantly featured in the primary roles with empathy and questioned the sexist predicaments women were often subjected to. Women often times struggled to find their voice, but her stories told the perseverance and progress within those constraints. Instead, she wrote of men idealizing wealthy, powerful, independent, beautiful women. She inserts the thoughts and feelings from a woman’s perspective. In a sense, giving women the voice they strived to have heard in a male dominated time period. As Damon stated in the article “Marie de France: Psychologist of Courtly Love,” “Contemporary readers might have noted that the characters departed occasionally from the established laws of courtly conduct; none the less, as all such departures were towards reality, they were welcomed.” She opened the door for women’s self-expression and individual achievement. Marie de France’s popular adulterous love stories bring about many fascinating ethical questions.

The Courtier, originally written as a “courtesy book”, can now be considered to provide significant insight into the norms and practices associated with courtship and gender during the Renaissance era. The book’s third volume is a particularly insightful window into 16th century romantic ideals. Throughout Book Three, Baldassare Castiglione builds an elaborate perspective on what makes the perfect court lady, what sexual and social behavior is acceptable, and how an ideal couple (both courtier and court lady) should function.

The tales of Marie de France, shed light on the romantic relationships and chivalry of this time period. This is very insightful for modern people to be able to read and understand the culture of that time. Knighthood and chivalry were respected by some, but many times they were disregarded for passion. Love and marriage are largely connected to physical attractiveness of the person and the passion involved. Marriage is not a very serious commitment and will be disregarded whenever another presents themselves as a more attractive lover. Religion is not huge in the stories but can be present when looking for a lover. Magic plays a part in the Yonec and Bisclavret stories, but is not largely present throughout.

Marie de France lived in a time when social graces were paramount to a good reputation, lordships and to securing good marriages. A woman was considered less valuable if she lost her virginity; a wife was subjected to her feudal lord, father, brother or son after her husband’s death. According to Angela Sandison’s article “The Role of Women in the Middle Ages”, this was because in the Middle Ages the Church and the aristocracy controlled public opinion and the legal system. These authorities of the times believed a woman’s place was in a submissive role to a man. In The Lay of the Nightingale, we will see how this social and religious hierarchy will impact the behaviors of the three people involved.

The poem “Chevrefoil (The Honeysuckle)” by Marie De France gladly spoke about lovers whose love was “so true, so pure” that it caused them to suffer and die on the same day (De France 167). This lay explores the themes of inseparable love, while keeping true to the underlying meaning of the hazel tree and the honeysuckle, while the speaker of the poem carries a jovial yet melancholy tone throughout the lay.

While the theme of love itself, may it be positive or negative, is reoccurring, Marie’s presentation of romantic relationships and their differing qualities can be considered a theme alone. In “Guigemar”, the relationship between the knight and his lady represents loyalty, and an ability to heal or cure. Yet, the relationship between the beast and his wife in “Bisclavret” demonstrates the selfish and traitorous behavior that can occur between partners, especially if one has proved to be adulterous.

Elements of courtly love can be seen in both "The Book of the Duchess" and "The Knight's Tale." In "The

The theme of Sophie Quire and the Last Story guard is sacrifice bring reward because they are going through so much to fine the book of who, what, when, and where. They had to fight and kill to find these books but they get them and they are safe in the outcome. They have the book of who and where and they still have to find two more but they have to go through obstacles to find them but the reward is finding out how Sophie's mother died. Sophie is will to risk a lot of things to find all of the books because she has found out that when all of the books are together there is like a spell but nobody knows what happens but sophie is willing to find out.

In medieval Europe, the troubadours (poets of the southern part of France), like Guilhem IX, or Cercamon, first began to write poems about humble men falling in love with women who were admirer and adored by their lovers. Furthermore, intense love between men and women became a central subject in European literature, like between Tristan and Iseult, Lancelot and Guinevere, or Aeneas and Dido. But it was not question of marriage. Actually, marriage and love did not match very well together but then Renaissance literature developed the concepts of love and marriage and recorded the evolution of the relation between them. In the Renaissance poetry, Donne, in The Good Morrow, celebrate love and sexuality in marriage. However, the aspects of

Written in retrospect, Justine is an attempt on part of Darley, the narrator, to be reconciled with Alexandria, the city that transfigured his life. During his stay in Alexandria, Darley is constantly torn between his love for Melissa and Justine. He associates his love for the two women with the kinds of perfumes they wear, particularly that of Justine, which Darley searches for in a moment of yearning to be with her. This urgent search for Justine’s perfume parallels Darley’s endeavor to find the true essence of the city. However, the perfume’s name, Jamais de la vie, foreshadows his inability to adapt to the unbefitting city that shall always remain a mystery.