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Thematic Irony In Joan Bumlik's 'Guigemar'

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The article “Thematic Irony in Marie de France’s ‘Guigemar,’” by Joan Brumlik, focuses on how motifs are used by Marie de France’s lai “Guigemar” to undermine the themes of an idealized version of courtly love that are expected in lais. Brumlik first does this by exploring the motif of the merveilleux, or “supernatural.” Brumlik explains that the merveilleux is made to “merge with the real world to which it is frequently an antidote” (8). The example Brumlik uses of the merveilleux is that of the magical boat that takes Guigemar to his lover. Brumlik uses the comments of R.W. Hanning, stating that:
Hanning remarks of the magic boat in Guigemar that it "functions as an emblem of the new romance fiction of Marie's age. Such fiction requires …show more content…

Brumlik answers questions such as the purpose of the motifs and if the love in the story lives up to the idealized expectations we are given in the narrative. The next motif explored by Brumlik is that of “love tokens” (10). Brumlik explains that the tokens, Guigemar’s knotted shirt and the lady’s belt, “from the very beginning of the last episode…do not function as they should” (11). These objects should be a representation of “public recognition that the couple belong to each other and may marry” (Brumlik 11). Brumlik explains that the knotted shirt has been used by Guigemar “as a protection against marriage while falsely implying a willingness to marry” (12). This is due to Guigemar’s behavior when the lady arrives as Brumlik points out Meriaduc is the one who “command[s] the lady to attempt to untie the knot” and “even when she unties the knot effortlessly Guigemar is still unwilling to believe it is she” (11). The love tokens do not act as a symbol of the two-characters’ love like they should once again showing how Marie undermines the expectation of the lai.
Brumlik then switches to analyzing Guigemar’s character and action and how they also do not appeal to the typical idealized heroes expected in the romantic lai. Brumlik explains that this is first seen when Guigemar makes landfall at

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