The Wurundjo Tribe

Living on the Southern California coast affects the way the Gabrielino lived. An important fact is the Gabrielino tribe was located on Southern California coast, along the coast island in what is now known as the Los Angeles Basin, San Nicolas. The Islands of Santa Catalina and San Clemente. Southern California can boost of a Mediterranean climate. Also, the Gabrielino tribes’ community was peaceful. The Gabrielino had many contacts with the other groups. They traded goods. When several small villages were near a larger village, they joined under the leadership of the larger village. Next, the shelter of the Gabrielino. The Gabrielinos lived along the coast and inland in sheltered bays. Not that many houses were made to keep or hold 50 or 60 people maybe even 3 or 4 families. The houses were made by placing poles upright in a circle and bending them into meet the middle they covered the framework with bundles of tule reeds and ferns the were domed shaped. Finally, the Gabrielinos language

In the Ulladulla area the Budawang Tribe inhabited the Conjola, Lake George to Moruya, the Budawang tribe spoke Dhurga, which is an Aboriginal language spoken from Jervis Bay to Wallaga Lake. The Aboriginal tribal group from Jervis Bay to Twofold Bay was Yuin. Captain Cook first sighted the Budawang Tribe on the shores of Murramarang at Koorbrua Beach in 1770, yet the earliest settlers for the area were in 1828 in the Ulladulla Harbour. (C. Dunn, 2000).

A government surveyor drew a line separating the Wallowa Valley. The Nez Perce objected. The Nez Perce claimed, “the Indians who signed the new treaty were the leaders of other bands and had no right to give up land that was not even theirs” (Williams & Youngs, 5). This is how the Non-Treaty came about. Soon the whites and Indians fought over the land and Indians were killed, one that was best friend with Joseph, he felt like he was is brother. Burial was granted to bury the Indian in the valley by General Howard.

The City of Boroondara acknowledges the people of the Kulin Nation as Traditional Owners of the land of Boroondara. Today, two community organisations represent the interests of Indigenous people in Boroondara and the Eastern Metropolitan Region. They are the Wurundjeri Land Tribe and Compensation Cultural Heritage Council Inc. (Wurundjeri Council) and the Inner East Local Indigenous Network (LIN). The Wurundjeri people are recognised as the Traditional Owners of land in the northern area of Boroondara. The Wurundjeri Council represents the Wurundjeri people and is the key contact for activities occurring in the northern area that can only be performed by Traditional Owners. The Inner East LIN is an Indigenous community organisation representing the interests of Indigenous people in Boroondara and the Eastern Metropolitan Region.

which is a part of the City of Yarra. North Fitzroy is located along the banks of the Merri Creek, which was a significant spiritual place for the Indigenous people of Australia. Before the European settlers arrived in this particular area, the banks of the Yarra River and Merri Creek were the home of the Wurundjeri Tribe. The Wurundjeri Tribe were divided into different clans such as the Wurundjeri-Willam clan and the Wurundjeri-Balluk clan, and each clan was lead by a Ngurunggata (pronounced na-rung-getta) which means head clan-man. (Pre-Contact Wurundjeri, The Aboriginal History of Yarra, http://aboriginalhistoryofyarra.com.au/2-pre-contact-wurundjeri/).

My local area of work is within The City of Boroondara, in Melbourne, Victoria. The word Boroondara came from an Indigenous Wurundjeri term that means, “Where the ground is thickly shaded”. (Boroondara, City of Harmony, History and Heritage)

The Chimariko was a small group that is now part of list of extinct tribes in America. According to Kroeber (1976,109) they are a descendent of the Hokan, it is noted that they maintained their original language better than other groups such as Shasta and Pomo. (109) The Chimariko were estimated to be at 250 people in 1849, six people in 1903, and according to Kroeber “In 1906 there remained a toothless old woman and a crazy old man.” (1976,109)

The northern tribes used bones and deer antlers to make knives, scrapers, awls, fishing tools, whistles, and pendants. The first tribes denpended on agriculture were those that lived on the Atlantic Costal Plain. They learned how to make pottery and cloth. The cloth was woven with thread made from soft layers of splint baskets. They made musical instruments like pipers, rattles, drums, nd they were played during ruitals and ceremonies dances. They built two types of houses, long houses, and wigwams. The first type was formed by bending poles into a cone or dome shape and by tying the poles together with vines. The frame was covered with woven mats, bark, or hide . These people grew corn, squash, beans, pumpkins, and tobacco.

The Choctaw Indians of Alabama are a band of Indians that managed to remain behind in the outer regions of north Mobile and south Washington counties after their tribal lands were given up to the United States in 1830. Beginning in 1830, the most significant period of their removal from their homelands, the majority of the Choctaw tribe was forced along the Trail of Tears settling on reservation lands in Mississippi and Oklahoma. A small group of about 45 families avoided removal by settling and hiding out in the woods surrounding the small communities of Citronelle, Mt. Vernon, and McIntosh.

The Cahuilla were a Native Southern Californian tribe that occupied the Riverside County, Higher Palomar Mountain Region and East Colorado Desert. The tribe was divided into two groups or moieties know as Wildcats or Coyotes. The Cahuilla lived in small clans that varied in population, and together all the separate clans made up a larger political group called a sib ”http://www.aguacaliente.org/content/History%20&%20Culture/.” The tribe was at first considered to be very simple and savage because they were never interacted with. As the Europeans and Spanish Missionaries considered the desert an inhospitable place that was better to avoid because

The Choctaw Indians were an important tribe, and the largest of the Muskogean tribes. The Choctaws have two stories about their origins in their traditional homeland in central Mississippi. One is that their ancestors came from west of the Mississippi River and settled in what is now the homeland. The other is that the tribe is descended from ancestors who were formed by a spirit from the damp earth of Nanih Waiyah, a large mound in northeastern Mississippi. Either way, the Choctaws resided in places, holding most of Southern Alabama and Mississippi with adjoining parts of Louisiana.

The Wichita is a tribe that belongs to a small tribe about three hundred and twenty who live in Oklahoma. They are a tribe of Native Americans who were discovered by the Coronado expedition. Like other Native American tribes the Wichita people have their own language, culture and both, social and legal customs. They refer to themselves as Kitikitish which can be taken literally to mean raccoon eyelids. But signifies a tattooed eyelid which is from a former custom among men where they tattooed lines upon their eyelids. Women however tattoo lines upon the chin and among older women there are those with tattooed designs all over their breasts. The Wichita people were primarily sedentary interested in hunting and farming. The men hunted and went for wars for the protection of their families while women farmed and raised children.

I chose to research the Oneida Nation Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin Elderly Heath Care. Here is a little background on the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin. They are located in Brown and Outagamie Counties. They are descendants of an indigenous Iroquoian-speaking nation that arose in the present-day central-western New York. The Oneida Tribe is a sovereign government. Oneida means “long awaited” and they spoke Oneida. Lastly, they have three clans: Turtle, Bear, and Wolf Clan. The Turtle Clan represents the shifting of the earth and the cycles of the moon. The people of this clan represent the well of information and the keepers of the land. The Bear Clan known as Medicine people, the healers. There are stories passed down about how the Bear

The Cherokee tribe is known as one of the earliest and largest Indian tribe in North America. They are federally recognized even today among several states(museum). While they slowly became Americanized by the Europeans who came over to America, some still practice their typical Indian rituals publicly today. Most converted to Christianity and their government in Oklahoma is based off the American government with three branches. One would believe that the Trail of Tears could have completely vanquished these Indians but many made it through the horrendous trial and kept the Indian bloodline going even present day (Conley).

Have you ever heard of the Cherokee Indians? Sure you have! Just as a reminder, they are the biggest tribe, and most known of out of all the Indian tribes there has ever been in the southeast. They are very important to American History and helped shaped us to be the Americans we are today, which is clearly what I 'll be explaining in this paper. Throughout the paper, I 'll tell you everything you need to know about the Cherokee Indians and continue to relate to the thesis.