In battling the British in the Revolutionary War, the American rebels did just as the great French military and political leader, Napoleon Bonaparte advised, “Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake”. Though there were a great deal of missed opportunities and misguided actions taken by both sides of this war, none were as great as those by the ministers in London and British Generals Howe and Burgoyne. However, of these three, one held a great deal of responsibility for Britain’s failure to suppress the American rebels by 1777. This person was indeed, General Howe. General Howe is to blame for this failure because of all of the three listed, he was the most lethargic, the most eager to surrender, and the one who failed to support his comrades. Some may claim that is was General Burgoyne’s responsibility due to his famous loss at Saratoga, New York. However, as will be stated later, that failure will also ultimately fall at the hands of General Howe. While the ministers in London acted out of their desire for authority over the colonies with little knowledge of the situation in America, they are still not hold to most blame of the three. General Howe holds this title because as it is known, wars are rarely determined by a single event as they are won through the combined effect of a series of events. Before 1777, there were two main turning points in the War which led to this failure of defeat the Americans by this time. The first is the Battle of
In Paul Revere’s Ride, by David Hackett Fischer, Mr. Fischer describes the challenges of the early American Revolution from both sides. Thomas Gage, a British General, was trying to resist the colonies, but was unsuccessful. Gage was not able to succeed because the British were lacking numbers, and Gage was lacking the mental strength needed to fight. The colonies, led mainly by Paul Revere, were not only strong in numbers and leaders, but were also united in the fact that they were determined to gain their freedom and a democracy.
So mismanaged were the British forces in the American Revolutionary War that on multiple occasions King George III, his parliament, and his generals made great uncoordinated decisions with lasting and disastrous impact. Three instances of British mismanagement in particular helped lose the war: the failure of George III and Parliament to consider requests and demands from colonists regarding tax pressures, William Howe’s invasion of Philadelphia (accompanied, of course, by Burgoyne’s loss at Saratoga), and the British expectation that they would be greeted as liberators when they arrived in the southern colonies. Each of these missteps
The article, “American Revolution: General Sir William Howe,” states that he was the appointed major of the newly formed 60th regiment. He was commended for his daring ambition and bravery. Howe had a brother, Richard Howe, who helped him try to get at Philadelphia. We all know George Washington. He was the commander and chief of the entire continental army (history.com)! He was the one who gathered this band of ragtags and kept them together. Howe lead about 6,000 British and Hessian soldiers. Washington lead about 8,000 american colonist
The lack of communication between the 3 groups of British troops evidently was the result of their loss. In the end, by October 1777 after the Battles at Saratoga, Americans had “turned over 5,800 troops, 7,00 muskets, and forty-two brass cannons to Gates” according to page 175 [3]. In response to the victory of America, British's strategy to terrorize frontier settlements leading to hundreds of militiamen killed. In result to the British attack, the Patriots dismantled the Iroquois confederacy As the war moved South, Patriots began to formulate a new strategy: to gain control of the Southern colonies. While the British strategy to enlist more loyalists as their allies worked and many American Armies were defeated, other issues arose. The main issue of the Southern strategy was that it led many loyalists to switch to the patriot side. We see the Southern strategy weaken even more during the Battle of King’s Mountain, where American Victory led to the impossibility to recruit more loyalists to Britain.
General Howe was able to get his army to flank the Continental Army, which led to disarray in the Continental Army. They were able to retreat and once they retreated, Howe pulled his forces back and failed to eliminate them once and for all. The most likely reason for this was because Howe thought the colonists would learn their lesson and enough blood were spilt that day. However, the colonists continued their battle with the British and Howe failed to eliminate them. Another failed opportunity was the Battle of Brandywine.
William Howe, George Washington, and Richard Howe each hoped to lead their countries to victory during the American Revolution. However, they did not have the same level of experience, their views differed, and each one of them had a different approach to leading an army. Despite their differences, they were all great leaders that are still acknowledged today. I believe that William Howe was the best leader amongst these three because he was experienced, learned from his mistakes, and wanted to achieve his goals regardless of the consequences. William Howe, born on the 10th of August 1729 to parents Emmanuel and Charlotte Howe, had a childhood of comfort and luxury. His close relation to the royal family helped him gain opportunities as
Using the priniciples of war, Burgoyne’s and Howe operations in 1777 was a success as well a failure. Burgoyne’s overconfidence led to several key tactical errors, which led a promising campaign to almost certain failure. “Several Factors led to Burgoyne’s Failure and subsequent surrender. First, inadequate supplies and troops put the British at a sever disadvantage. On top of that, Burgoyne critically underestimated both the American fighting capacity and their means of warfare. In addition, Burgoyne had a poor understanding of the environment in which he was campaigning. Finally, a lack of communication between Burgoyne, General William Howe and Lord Germain would prove fatal to the campaign” (n.d., 2016).
War never truly has one person or side at fault; each front brings something to the table. Nevertheless, the American Revolution is a conflict that raises major debate over who to blame. The American colonies were at a standstill. How could a new nation grow with such a controlling mother country always on its back? As a result of the French Indian War, the British had to pay for their colonies war debts. For England to pay for these debts, Parliament imposed multiple harsh taxes and acts on colonists. Millions of British pounds used to fund the war were expected to be returned to Great Britain. Why does a British colony have to pay England for a war that the British were fighting in the first place? After some consideration, the
Most people did not expect the colonists with their under trained militia to last long against the British superpower. The colonists did just that. In the night of June 16, 1775, a detail of 1200 troops under orders from Artemas Ward, and led by William Prescott was supposed to entrench themselves on the rise on Bunker Hill, but instead misunderstood the instructions and went to Breed’s Hill by mistake. The next morning, the British were shocked to see Americans threatening them. In the 18th century, British military custom urged that the British soldiers attack the American soldiers, even though the Americans were in a superior position. Major General William Howe, leader of the British forces could easily have surrounded the Americans with his ships, but chose to march his troops up the hill; to the Americans. Howe might have believed that the Americans would retreat in the face of a smashing, head-on attack. Unfortunately, or fortunately depending on how a person looks at it, William Howe was wrong. The Americans stood their ground, dug in their heels, and stood firm. In the first wave, the Americans waited until they were within forty meters, then opened fire. The British force retreated with their wounded for a second wave. The British rushed up yet again. Again they retreated, suffering a great number of casualties. By the time the
The British are coming! The British are coming! Yes, we have all heard the stories of the terrible deeds committed by the Red Coats, but what if that is not what really happened? After all, history is written by the victor. Numerous battles were fought in the Revolutionary War. While most had a clear start and a definite end, it has never been decided who started the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Though after reading the eyewitness accounts, it is truly simple to understand. The blame lays at the feet of the Colonial Militia, because they incited the battles and continued to attack, even as their enemy retreated.
The British did not use what little “fans” they did have to fight in the revolutionary war. The colonists immediately assumed that the war would be over quick with no problems they thought that the colonist would be no problem. What they did is they decided that they should capture Boston, it was a vital port for the colonists it would weaken the colonists, but after the battle of bunker hill they figured out that this strategy was no good. After the British lost the battle of Saratoga the colonist, who had no navy and untrained troops, started receiving help from foreign countries. It made them look more powerful and feared in the eyes of the British.
The battle of Trenton and Princeton began to erupt in the same year of the Revolutionary War. The Revolutionary War had started because the Americans wanted the same rights the as the British citizens had. The British refused to give Americans the same rights because they (British) didn’t think the Americans shouldn’t be represented as a part of the British Parliament, instead their (British) minds were more focused on building revenue. The British had ignored the Americans demands in which the British thought the Americans demands were a cause of outrage. There were so many different wars that had erupted during the Revolutionary War. The battle between Trenton
A motivating force behind the revolution was the American embrace of a political ideology called "republicanism", which was dominant in the colonies by 1775. The "country party" in Britain, whose critique of British government emphasized that corruption was to be feared, influenced American politicians. The commitment of most Americans to republican values and to their rights, helped bring about the American Revolution, as Britain was increasingly seen as hopelessly corrupt and hostile to American interests; it seemed to threaten to the established liberties that Americans enjoyed. The greatest threat to liberty was depicted as corruption. The colonists associated it with luxury and, especially, inherited aristocracy, which they condemned.
The Revolutionary War started in April of 1775, with the battles at Lexington and Concord. This war would mark the beginnings of the United States as a nation, fighting against the most powerful fighting force at the time, the British Army and Navy. This conflict would go on for a brutal 6 years until the final British surrender at Yorktown on October 17, 1781. In the end, both sides have lost tens of thousands of men, but how did it all start? The Conflict has its star with the rising tensions between the colonists and the British crown in the aftermath of the French-Indian War in 1763. The financing of the war had caused Britain to be in heavy debt after mobilizing troops to defend colonies. To offset this debt Britain began taxing its colonies, introducing the Townshend and Stamp acts. This act of taxation would anger the 13 American colonies as this was seen as an attack against their rights and to protest this, colonist boycotted and protested, but were met with the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. Tensions would rise, and the Boston Tea Party would begin on December 16, 1773. This would lead to the deployment of British troops in Boston and the eventual start of the war. But after all, it may not justified. The Revolutionary war cannot be justified only by a resentment of taxes on imports and a distrust of an Empire that had only finished fighting a war to defend its colony.
The British military was considered the strongest in the world at the outreach of fighting between England and the American colonies in 1775. Britain had just defeated France and the Indians in the Seven Years War and had attained its prominence as a world’s superpower. Yet despite Britain’s overpowering military dominance, the British found themselves unable to subdue General Washington and the American colonies. The American’s success in achieving independence during the American Revolution was not due to General Washington’s strategic skill but by numerous British blunders. The British mistakes during