The Urinary System: Urinary Retention Essay

Regulate blood pressure and kidney function. Producing erythropoeitin. Metabolizing vitamin D to its active form.

Humans are supposed to to to the bathroom four to six times a day. The pressures of life force us to clench and hold it in. Two kidneys, two europhras, a bladder, two ureters, and a urethra make up the urinary system. Urine comes from the kidneys by mixing water and other wastes. Then they go to the ureters and into the bladder. The bladder inflates like a balloon when full. The sphincter opens up when the bladder is full and the urine goes to the external urethral sphincter. You are able to control the opening and closing of that area and that is how you hold your pee. It will weaken or overwork your muscular slang which could lead to bad side

Strange Behavior, by Harold Klawans, is told through the first person perspective of Klawans himself about the medical mysteries he has encountered throughout his career. He is a neurologist, who mainly specializes in Parkinson’s disease. The first part of the book illuminates some of the case studies he has conducted in great detail. One incident Klawans describes, Defending the Cavewoman, is about a young child, Lacey, who had been locked in a closet for presumably most (if not all) of her life--approximately six years. Having been concealed from the realms of society for such a long time, she had not yet acquired language when she was found.

Desmopressin decreases the urine volume excreted. Desmopressin is a synthetic substitute for anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). ADH

Flaccid neurogenic bladder is about the weak and in effective detrusor muscle contractions make the perception of bladder fullness is lost and make the bladder becomes over distended. Spinal cord injury above the sacral region will induce this problem (Lemone, 2014).

Behavioral treatments are conservative measures and are the first treatment option for patients with stress and urge incontinence. Behavioral treatments include; bladder training, pelvic muscle exercises, biofeedback and cognitive therapy. With bladder training it helps the individual from going to the toilet less frequently. Bladder training can be seen from two dimensions, going to the bathroom on schedule and also using strategies to control your bladder from urgent urine. This as a whole involves some time to practice. However, people with dementia and some other health cognitive complications cannot practice this. You may start by trying to hold off for 10 minutes every time you feel an urge to urinate. The goal is to lengthen the time between trips to the toilet until you're urinating only every two to four hours (the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2011).

Anticholinergics are used to address an overactive bladder and can be helpful with urge incontinence. Mirabegron is used to treat urge incontinence, it relaxed the bladder muscle which can increase the amount of urine the bladder can hold it may also assist with emptying the bladder more completely. Alpha blockers used in men with urge or overflow incontinence, this helps relax the bladder neck muscles and the fiber muscles in the prostate making it easier to empty the bladder. Topical estrogen comes in the form of a cream, a ring or a patch that may help tone and rejuvenate the tissue of urethra and vaginal areas. Factors that increase the risk of incontinence are gender; women are more likely to have incontinence due to pregnancy, childbirth, menopause and normal anatomy of the female body. Men with prostate problems can have incontinence issues as well. Age, as we get older, the muscles of the bladder become weaker and the amount of urine the bladder can hold decreases. Being overweight puts pressure on the bladder and surrounding muscles which weakens them. Other diseases such as neurological and diabetes may increase the risk of incontinence. A simple UTI is treated with a common antibiotic usually given for one to seven days depending on the amount and type of bacteria in the urine. Frequent UTI’s may require low-dose antibiotics for six months or more,

The indwelling urinary catheter can be inserted for a long period with frequent changes between 4-6 weeks (Taylor, Lillis, LeMone, & Lynn, 2011). However, the Foley can also be a potential source for UTI and bacteriuria (Taylor et al., 2011). The necessity of reducing the patient’s period of time on a Foley and helping him or her to quickly regain normal bladder function is significant. Performing bladder training through clamping the urinary catheter is reported to decrease the frequency of urinary retention, shorten the period of returning to normal bladder function, and stimulate normal bladder filling and emptying by improving bladder tone and sensation (Nyman, 2012). When one thinks critically, bladder retraining seems to be reasonable and necessary but there is always the need of evidence-based evaluation. The following journals are trials providing evidences and statistics about bladder retraining prior to Foley removal in different populations presented with urinary retention problem.

First, neurological disorders can occur, as seen with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, which can lead to neurogenic bladder (“Neurology/Neurogenic Bladder,” 2017). Next, physiological disorders can occur as seen with enlarged prostate in men or shortening of the urethra in women (Jaipaul, 2017). Anticipating the above changes appropriately will aid in understanding what leads to urinary retention in older adults, the resulting need of catheterizations, and the CAUTIs that can follow. Having a foundation to build on, it would be beneficial to explore what nurses can do prevent urinary tract infections in patients who require catheterization.

In some instances, medication can be an effective treatment for incontinence. They work best if your condition is caused by bladder spasms. When your bladder spasms, it forces urine out. These spasms can happen frequently throughout the day when you least expect them. Medication relaxes the bladder muscles so the spasms stop or decrease in frequency. Relaxed muscles also allow your bladder to hold more urine, so you can decrease the number of times you need to use the bathroom.

This study was designed to assess whether the beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron produce desensitization in rat-isolated urinary bladder during electrical field stimulation (EFS) contractions by varying the time of incubation of mirabegron with the bladder tissue. A further objective was to understand the time-course for the re-sensitization and recovery of the functional response by varying the washout time of mirabegron from the bladder

Urinary Incontinence is the accidental or unwanted leakage of urine causes by a loss of bladder control. (www.womenhealthmatters.ca). The need

In the human body, there are systems that provide different functions and help the body to operate more efficiently. The urinary system is one in particular designed to help the body remain free of excess that we no longer need. “The urinary tract is the drainage system used for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of “bean-shaped” organs, each about the size of a fist. The kidneys are located below the ribs, one on each side of the spine, towards the middle of the back.” (NIDDK, 2013) Every several minutes, your kidneys filter around three ounces of blood, also then removing wastes and extra water. That extra water and

How many of us really think about our ability to urinate, I know I never did, but for my Uncle and Cousin, they could only wish to do what comes so naturally to us. When you have kidney disease and suffer Renal failure, which is what both of my relative's had, the kidneys are unable to remove those wastes through urinating. When the kidneys no longer perform these functions adequately, wastes and excess fluid build up in the blood. Some of the warning signs of kidney disease are as follows:

The bladder and urinary tract depict the epitome of various old age associated conditions. Urinary incontinence otherwise known as loss of bladder control is a common problem associated with aging. Besides old age, diabetes and other conditions also contribute to incontinence. Other common conditions include menopause for women and enlarged prostate for men.