The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) in the private sector and the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) are the documents that govern contract formation in the private verses public sector industry. UCC regulates commercial transactions between merchants, individuals, and across state lines (except Louisiana, where common law prevails). The intent of UCC was to simplify the law, clarify it, modernize, as well as codify uniformity for commercial transactions. The formation of a contract by the UCC is intended to protect the seller and/or the buyer (neutral in nature) as well as vice-versa. The FAR is however different in nature as it is intended to protect the taxpayer (government). Having a first-hand experience with the UCC (post-PROC 5280), I had purchased a new canopy for our recreational vehicle when driving down the road the canopy come flying off causing minor damage to the vehicle. As the buyer, I immediately contacted the store and then brought the vehicle into the store. The manager told me he could not be responsible for the damage or the repair after the vehicle left the lot. I asked the manager to look up UCC § 2-314 implied warranty at which time he said, he was not aware of this policy and would contact the general manager. The company completed all the repairs of the vehicle at their expense. The Federal Acquisition Regulation organizes the mandatory terms and conditions to form a binding agreements and contracts between the federal government and
Normally, contracts are governed and enforced by the law in the state in which the agreement was made but depending on the subject matter of the agreement such as property lease and sales of goods thus a contract may be govern by either one or two types of state law, namely; The common Law and The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC).
I can’t show exactly where in the U.C.C. it says this, but that’s the general feeling I got from reading the U.C.C. This story is replete with fascinating facts and the intricacies that are inherent in the facts of the case make for a great story. The plaintiff bought a baseball bat from the defendant and the baseball bat turned out to be broken because, as soon as the defendant used the bat to play baseball, the bat shattered into a million pieces. Shattering into a million pieces certainly violates the implied warranty of merchantability under UCC 2-314. Industria De Calcados Martini Ltda. v. Maxwell Shoe Co., 36 Mass. App. Ct. 268 (Mass. App. Ct. 1994) Also, there’s a case that expounded upon this issue and told us that a baseball bat can’t crack when it’s used normally. Otherwise, the store has to give back the money to the plaintiff. Dudzik v. Klein's All Sports, 158 Misc. 2d 72 (N.Y. J. Ct. 1993). The information that can be clearly drawn from these cases is if someone buys a baseball bat, it must be in the condition that was represented to the heretofore named parties. At least, the bat must be in sufficient marketable condition so that the implied warranty owing from the party of the first part to the party of the second part must be sustained. Also, as if those cases weren’t enough, the UCC 2-314 demands that goods must be in good condition when they are
1. Yes. Any cooperation or business who is in violation of an implied warranty of merchantability will be subject to the provisions of UCC § 2-314, in order for goods to be merchantable they must be “fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; • be “within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved,” • be adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require,” and • “conform to the promises of affirmations of fact made on the container or label, if any.”
This fact is stated plainly and directly even in the FAR itself, where it is written, “Agencies are encouraged to promote early exchange of information about future acquisitions.” Exchanges are beneficial to all parties involved in the acquisition process, and there are a number of reasons why such exchanges are beneficial. As the regulations explain at FAR 15.201(b), some of these benefits include an improved understanding of the Government’s requirements for the potential suppliers, and also an improved understanding of a potential supplier’s capabilities by the Government. Additionally, exchanges between Government and potential suppliers can help the Government firm up or finalize their acquisition plan and source selection strategy for a particular procurement by enabling them to determine things such as, “proposed contract type, terms and conditions, and acquisition planning schedules,” as well as, “the feasibility of the requirement, including performance requirements, statements of work, and data requirements.”
The Uniform Commercial Code is the oldest and most complex uniform act put into place by the National Conference of on Uniform State Laws.The only State which has not put into use the Uniform Commercial Code is Louisiana.The Uniform Commercial Code is not law unless it is put into law by a State, it was produced by a private institution.The Uniform Commercial Code also tries to make commercial paper transactions, such as the processing of checks, less complicated.The affairs which are talked to/looked at with the eleven articles of the Uniform Commercial Code includes the sale of products,all bank and tests/lists of questions, letters of credit, bills of receipts, bulk moves, investment securities, and secured transactions.The Uniform Commercial
The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC or sometimes referred to simply as the Code) is a statute published by the National Conference of Commissioners of Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL), (Melvin, 2011). This statute is adopted by every state in the U.S., except for the state of Louisiana. The function of the UCC is to promote commercial efficiency through providing standardized policies and procedures that consumers and merchants can depend on. Common Law contracts governs transactions with real estate, services, insurance, intangible assets and employment (The Asset Protection Attorneys, 2015). Common Law is primarily concerned with the sale of merchandise and securities.
The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), in contrast, falls under civil law, “which is based on a rigid code of rules” (businessdictionary.com, 2013). It was established to create a uniform set of laws for business transactions, since common law can vary from state to state (Beatty, Samuelson, Bredeson, 2013). As far as contracts are concerned, Article 2 of the UCC is of most significance. This part of the code deals with the sale of goods. Goods are defined in terms of contracts as anything that is moveable, other than money, investment securities and certain legal rights (Beatty, Samuelson, Bredeson, 2013). Common law, on the other hand, is used for contracts involving the sale of services or anything else other than goods (Beatty, Samuelson, Bredeson, 2013).
All contracts are governed by the state laws where the agreement was made. Nevertheless, a contract can either be governed by the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) or
The Uniform Commercial Code covers business operations. It was published in 1952 after approval by the American Law Institute, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Law, the House of Delegates and the American Bar Association. There are 9 chapters in the Code that cover sales, leases, negotiable instruments, bank deposits and collections, funds transfers, letters of credit, documents of title, investment securities and secured transactions.
The UCC was drafted in the 1950's and currently governs the sales of goods but not products like software, which are licensed, not sold. Basically, when
A new law will probably be introduced into state legislatures which will govern all contracts for the development, sale, licensing, and support of computer software. This law, which has been in development for about ten years, will be an amendment to the Uniform Commercial Code. The amendment is called Article 2B (Law of Licensing) and is loosely based on UCC Article 2 (Law of Sales), which governs sales of goods in all 50 states. A joint committee of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) and the American Law Institute is drafting the changes to the UCC.
The ability for the federal government to regulate businesses’ activity is given in the Constitution. Article 1, Section 8 is known as the commerce clause; it states, “Congress shall have the Power…to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes” (Reed, 173). Through the commerce clause, the government is able to regulate business activity by the use of administrative agencies, which is defined as “a governmental regulatory body that controls and supervises a particular activity or area of public interest and administers and enforces a particular body of law related to that activity or interest” (Administrative Agency, 1). There are two types of regulatory authority that agencies may
The UCTA 1977 was a primary legislative whereas the UTCCR 1999 are an implementation of the European Court’s Directive on Unfair terms in Consumer Contracts. Both the UCTA and UTCCR covered nearly all forms of contracts and one of their most important functions was limiting the applicability of
To address the first concern the owner’s contract should be Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) rather than Common Law due to the following: