Child Abuse is defined as the “physical, sexual or emotional maltreatment or neglect of a child or children.” It is reported that there are 6 million reported cases of child abuse each year, yet, there has been a long held debate on whether children can be key witnesses in their own criminal court abuse cases due to their credibility and memory. It also can hurt the child mentally, whether it benefits the judicial system or not. There are several instances why this hypothesis is extremely plausible. Through this literature review, it would be shown that the treatment of children as witnesses can weaken their testimony, the entire process of children going through the legal system is traumatic, and there are also measures that can be taken to reduce these traumatic effects. Research conducted by Branaman and Gottlieb (2013) and Alison, Kebbell, & Lewis (2006) shows that the treatment of witnesses during criminal court cases can cause witness tampering. Researchers state that during criminal court cases, children receive therapy and check-ups to help with the traumatic experiences that they are facing during the trial, but trained practitioners may not posses the sensitivity to distinguish the child from an adult and while conducting their health screening, may alter the child’s memory of events (Branaman and Gottlieb, 2013) . When child first reveals abuses, they are interviewed by their school officials, parents, and law officials. Then, they are interviewed, forensically,
Child abuse is a rising topic of discussion in sociological debates across the nation due to the increased awareness concerned professionals are bringing to it. The issue has long been diagnosed as generational and cyclic in nature, where children who receive abuse grow up and replicate the process on their own offspring, and so on and so forth. This analysis attempts to illuminate possible connections between various factors within the parent’s lives that may correlate to child abuse in the home. Connections between the reproductive process (birth control, reproductive freedom, and population policies), economic stresses, character-based traits, and occupational stressors will be presented, analyzed, and then correlated
Testimonies from children who have experienced sexual assault can mean the difference between guilty and not guilty verdicts for the defendant. Often times child victims are psychologically and even physically harmed jeopardizing their statements during the trial. There are a number of reasons for children to be unable to give full accounts of what has occurred to them. For the purpose of protecting child victims and making sure they are heard the courts have implemented innovations that make testifying less traumatic for children and allow for a more accurate description of the assault. Hearsay testimonies are one of the innovations that have been shown to give child victims of sexual assault the chance to be fully heard. Victims directly
“It all started in 1991 with a young girl in a yellow dress. She looked a bit sad, a bit lonely, a bit out of place. As Chief of Police Bill Hegarty walked through the Grand Rapids Police Department that day, the little girl caught his eye. And as he looked at her, he saw that she simply looked out of place. He saw that she looked scared” (Children’s Assessment Center, n.d.). About twenty years ago the Children’s Assessment Center of Grand Rapids opened their doors with the intention to reduce the amount of trauma children endured in the case of sexual assault. The Children’s Assessment Center is a place where children can be interviewed without being scared and can receive the treatment they need to heal from their abuse. “Traditionally, child forensic interviews have taken place in police departments, schools, and CPS offices. Such settings may be intimidating for children and could increase children 's beliefs that they are in trouble or have done something wrong” (Tavkar, 2007).
Within the United States, child maltreatment is becoming more and more commonly reported as there is over 3 million reports each year. Due to the constant increase of child maltreatment reports, society has become more aware of the issue, which has led to awareness campaigns. (Payne, 87). Even with societies’ knowledge of such abuse there are still serval child maltreatment cases that are not reported. The children that are victims of maltreatment pertains any sort of harm to the child whether it is by injury, neglect, physical, emotional, or even sexual abuse by someone who holds a major role in the child’s life, a parent or guardian figure (“What is Child Abuse”).
The object of this article is to observe the legal histories and social settings of testimony and interrogation concerning minors, development research on suggestibility and judgment, interactions between development and legal/sociological settings, and what is responsible for minors who are treated in different legal situations. In this article the authors argue two things, that young witnesses, victims, and suspects alike possess youthful characteristics that influence their ability to vlidly inform legal processes, some of which were recently recognized by the Supreme Court as they apply to the juvenile death penalty, and that consideration should be given to reforming current practices in the context of juvenile interrogation.
Through working with children, who have made allegations of physical and sexual abuse and their families by way of observing forensic interviews, taking case notes, assessments, and intakes. I have first-hand knowledge of some of the resources that are lacking in this sector of the
When a child comes forward about an occurrence of child maltreatment they may fear having to retell their sordid tale innumerably. With the advent of Child Advocacy Centers this is no longer the truth. The first Child Advocacy Center (CAC) was established in 1985 and served as a model for future CACs. The first center established was the National Children’s Advocacy Center and it was located in Huntsville, Alabama. The primary goal of these centers is to limit the number of times a child has to recount the events of maltreatment. Utilizing a multidisciplinary team in a child-friendly environment helps to create a safe, secure and comfortable environment for children to disclose details about maltreatment they have been exposed to.
The maltreatment of children occurs at extraordinarily increasing proportions and is becoming a significant health risk to the children it is happening to. One of the major public health concerns should be identifying the risk factors associated with the maltreatment of these children and the just how much resistance these children really have against this abuse. Regardless of how much elasticity the general public in a whole may think these children have against maltreatment, they are still at a major risk of having diminished or compromised psychological and physical health later in life as an adult and are also are at extreme risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children who were not subject to maltreatment are still
For a further discussion of recent legal trends concerning child witnesses, see Bulkley (1983), Goodman (1984), and Whitcomb, Shapiro, and Stellwagen (1985).
While the course has spent a significant portion of time focusing on how the legal system treats adolescence as criminals, I want to focus on how they are treated as witnesses. There is a plethora of research on the eye witness account credibility of children but little to no research regarding adolescent recall despite the continuing development during adolescence. I am going to use this topic paper to summarize an article titled Age-related Differences in the Free-recall Accounts of Child, Adolescent, and Adult Witnesses by Fiona Jack, Jessica Leov, and Rachel Zajac to explore some research on where adolescents stand as credible witnesses as well as present some of my own questions regarding the topic area.
The way children respond to sexual assault depends on their living situation at the time of the abuse and the relationship to the offender. Under these circumstances, the child can provide a weak testimony and contribute less evidence than needed to make or win a case. Also, a child’s understanding of what happened to them will vary based on their age. The time frame for an interview should be no more than 35 minutes. Children, Tammy’s age can answer questions like who, what, where, when, the number of incidents, and full details about the
Child witnesses in courtrooms have become controversial. One of the concerns is at their age to be able to tell the truth. Besides, some witnesses were victims. That can result in flashbacks on the incident. Researches have been conducted to discuss on children testifying in court. Different procedures have been promoted to benefit the child in the court system. Those methods are distinct in other countries outside the United States as the United Kingdom, Israel, and Norway. This study focuses in judicial and mental examinations in different countries for child witness’s testimonies.
The treatment of young victims of child sexual abuse can be demanding for the victim, the victim’s family, and the counselor. The trauma associated with the abuse and the time it may take the child to heal can become very overwhelming. There are barriers, such as a lack of family support and lack of disclosure, which may block victims of child sexual abuse from successful treatment. Overcoming these barriers and incorporating multiple methods of treatment can be beneficial for the victim. Specifically, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and relational-cultural play therapy with additional resources have proven effective in including family support and in defeating the fears of victims of child sexual abuse.
This essay discusses the offences experienced by children between 10 to 15 in England and Wales. The most common factor that affects a child’s whole life are the traumas in their childhood memory. It will be very helpful to comprehend those criminal’s mind-set if a psychologist knows more about the cases which have been
These are activities that are targeted at members of the community and general population with the aim to raise awareness about the problems of child abuse. It involves an approach that targets helping families and children before child abuse occurs and not intervening after the harm has been done. This is very essential as every child deserves to grow up and be nurtured in an environment that is safe and stable which helps in the child’s total development such as the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components. These strategies can be via a myriad of programs such as educational programs via public awareness programs, public service announcements, parent education groups, child educational programs, family support and strengthening programs.