The Stock Market and Corporate
Investment: A Test of Catering Theory
Christopher Polk
London School of Economics
Paola Sapienza
Northwestern University, CEPR, and NBER
We test a catering theory describing how stock market mispricing might influence individual firms’ investment decisions. We use discretionary accruals as our proxy for mispricing.
We find a positive relation between abnormal investment and discretionary accruals; that abnormal investment is more sensitive to discretionary accruals for firms with higher R&D intensity (opaque firms) or share turnover (firms with shorter shareholder horizons); that firms with high abnormal investment subsequently have low stock returns; and that the larger the relative price premium, the
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In other words, managers with shorter shareholder horizons, and those whose assets are more difficult to value, should cater more. To test these cross-sectional predictions, we analyze the relation between discretionary accruals and investment for firms that are more opaque (higher R&D intensity) and for firms that have short-term investors (higher firms’ share turnover). We find that firms with higher R&D intensity and share turnover have investment that is more sensitive to discretionary accruals.
Our results provide evidence that discretionary accruals and firm investment are positively correlated. However, they show only indirectly that firms that overinvest are overpriced. To address this point, we analyze the relation between investment and future stock returns. If firms are misallocating resources due to market misvaluation, then abnormal investment should predict risk-adjusted returns. We estimate cross-sectional regressions of future monthly stock returns on current investment, controlling for investment opportunities (Tobin’s Q) and financial slack. We find that firms with high (low) abnormal investment have low (high) stock returns on average. This finding is robust to controlling for other characteristics linked to return predictability. Consistent with the theory’s prediction, we find that this effect is stronger for firms with higher
Information based on accrual accounting has historically and empirically provided a better indication of a company’s ability to generate cash flows than information gathered under the cash method. If there is not inter-period allocation, then the information is not as meaningful and will result in a mismatching of economic benefits
Peer pressure could come from a series of people. In many cases adults pressure children to act, dress, and submit to different situations in life. Salvation by Langston Hughes brings forth a very relatable topic to the reader’s eyes.The author’s purpose of Salvation is strictly to bring light to the role adults play in children's decision making. In other words the author expressed a time he was pressured to believe and do as adults say and he also dicuss the negative affect being pressured had on his
* Equity value is established for the firm * Current shareholders can diversify personal portfolios
The compensation plan then reflects hurdle rates, which makes managers more sensitive to Marriott’s financial strategy and capital market conditions. Thirdly, Marriott could modify its hurdle rate to change its projected growth. A lower hurdle rate would expand the company faster than a higher one would.
Baruch Lev and Feng Gu authors of “The End of Accounting and The Path Forward for Investors and Managers” indicate that over the past 110 years, the structure and content of financial reports has not changed, and that the role that these reports play in influencing the decisions of investors has greatly diminished. Lev and Gu make a case that non-transaction events that are not captured by the financial reports such as those disclosed through 8-k filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) have a greater impact on stock prices, and thus more useful to investors. In addition, they suggest that one of reasons for the decline in usefulness of financial reports stems from the increase of estimates that has made its way into these reports (Lev and Gu 2016).
It can fairly be said that an Investor considering an investment decision (whether to purchase, sell or hold stock) in publicly traded company acts on the basis of extensive information which is available by corporation to him until the last moment of his investing decision and try to determine the fair price of corporate stock. In the light of continuous creation of a particular impression of corporate affairs by the corporation, new information by corporate can vanish the importance of previous available information to investor. In the scenario only one kind of investors can get advantage over others, who is either very close to corporate operation (corporate officers) or can access nonpublic price-sensitive information to corporation
The definitive message that Harper Lee makes in To Kill A Mockingbird is the ineluctable existence of social inequality and the vitality of having your own morals even when the world around you doesn't. Lee focuses on the racist and socioeconomic ideologies in the early 1930's town of Maycomb in southern Alabama. She depicts a lawsuit between a white family considered to be of the lowest economic class, who are blatantly falsely accusing a young black man of raping their daughter. Furthermore, Lee comments as such by detailing the community's bigoted opposition to a successful white lawyer, Atticus Finch, defending the accused. He knows winning will not be possible which is shown by him admitting to his children that he won't win due to institutionalized
For the month of December, I was given an assignment consisting of $100,000 and four stocks to invest in. My four stocks were The Ralph Lauren Corp., Visa Inc., Master card Inc. and The Chevron Corp. As stated I was given a month to record my data and I ended up with a total capital gain of $5,518.36 for the one month period for my investments. I have to thank you Mr. Acker, this project was not difficult, but it did confuse me. Receiving this assignment scared me in a way, because I didn’t know what I was getting into. The finance world is scary and tricky, one minute the market is doing good and other days it would be low. While calculating my capital gains or losses I thought I would lose a larger
In the underlying paper the author re-examines the conservatism principle and its asymmetric effects on earnings. With samples consisting of all firm-year observations from 1963 to 1990 with returns data on the CRSP NYSE/AMEX Monthly files and respective accounting data on the COMPUSTAT Annual Industrial and Research files, he formulates and tests four major hypotheses to find evidence for his predictions. At first he chracterizes “conservatism in accounting as the more timely recognition in earnings of bad news regarding future cash flows than good news”.1 In his first hypothesis he predicts a more sensitive response of earnings towards bad news in comparison to good news, proxied by negative and positve annual stock returns. His second prediction is that earnings are more timely than cash flow, indicating a stronger association of accruals to conservative accounting effects. Hypotheses three and four account for a test on the
The purpose of this report is to determine the potential factors to sustain the investment within stock market of Mark and Spencer Company. This report starts by presenting background of the company and their current position, furthermore the microeconomic and macroeconomic analysis including PESTLE and SWOT analysis will be taken into account. Moreover, the financial performance will be the most important part to analysis their annual profits, share price and price of earning per share of company. Finally, this paper concludes by providing the recommendation for the company to enhance their performance and the suggestion for investors in order to support their decision-making.
Judging someone by their cover seems like something we would never do. Yet, we seem to do it without a care. In fact, in the book To Kill a Mockingbird; there are many characters that without knowing actually made judgement. There are many judgements drawn towards the main character Boo Radley, and Tom Robinson. They judge Boo on the way he lives.
Nevertheless if companies operate in weak markets and fail to create growth and profit the concept of maximization of shareholder wealth is also an opportunity for self-regulation and security against threats for a company. This approach is in particular useful for safeguarding against difficulties arising from wrong or misguided leadership within a corporation. Shareholders of a company have the strongest interest in a company’s success because they often invest a lot of capital in the business and require revenues for their deposit (Moore, 2002). As a matter of fact, they become more
First time this phenomenon was presented by the economists Rajnish Mehra and Edward Prescott in 1985. They discovered that the return from US equity investments in comparison to the return from a risk free government securities had been much far above during the twentieth century to be interpreted by the traditional economic theories (Siegel and Thaler, 1997).
So the investor will invest 32.58860806% of the investment budget in the risky asset and 67.41139194% in the risk-free asset.