Most of the project fund was supported by the City, State and Federal. The project was originally funded $ 50 million AUD each from both the State of Victoria and the City Council. It was estimated to cost between $ 100 to $ 150 million AUD. Later at its completion, the total final costs was blown out by $ 300 million AUD on top of $ 150 million AUD, reaching at $ 450 million AUD and it was further projected that the final cost will reach at $ 470 million AUD (Misiak 2003). As a result, The State had to wrapped up the budget overruns by giving another $ 230 million to cover the prolongation of project schedule delay. Table 2: Total final costs for Federation Square (Misiak 2003)
Some of the causes were identified for budget overrun:
(1) Major scope changes were identified such as the angular shard deployment and addition of a new program (the Art Museum) during the construction stage.
(2) Cost variation associated with incomplete documentation.
(3) Politic aspects and subsequent delays and design alterations as described above.
(4) Underestimation of the complexity of the project.
(5) Increase in design standards for the support deck.
(6) Delays due to labour disputes.
(7) Presume an optimistic scenario for unrealistic cost projection
Analysis and discussion:
An example has been cited by Flyvbjerg (2014) that shared the similar trend with the Federation Square Project. Channel Tunnel was seen as a highly beneficial project to both economically and financially. At
Facts: Plaintiffs Carl and Elaine Miles, owners and impresarios of “Blackie, The Talking Cat” brought a lawsuit in U.S. District Court for the S.D. Georgia, challenging the constitutionality of the Augusta, GA, Business License Ordinance. They complained that the ordinance was inapplicable in their case “accepting contributions from pedestrian in the downtown Augusta area, who wanted to hear the cat speak “and that the ordinance violates the rights of speech. The Plaintiffs attacked the ordinance as being unconstitutional and overbroad in contravention of the due process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.
It was hypothesized that the investment in Moon Lake’s and River Ridge’s infrastructure is beneficial and profitable
Australia 's Federal System is dynamic and the division of lawmaking power between the Commonwealth and State since 1901 has changed dramatically; Critically discuss, focussing on the major reasons for those changes.
Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) is a state tribunal for the Victorians that help and guide to resolve disputes on different aspects including Building and Property, Civil Disputes, Equal Opportunity, Guardians-Administrators, Joint Property and Water, Legal Practice, Owners Corporations, Retail Tenancies, State Taxation, Business Regulation, Domestic Building, FOI-TAC and other Claims, Health- Privacy / Disability Act, Land Valuation, Mental Health, Planning and Environment and Residential Tenancies.
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In 2008 the New Castle Town Council appointed an eleven-member Steering Committee made up of local residents, business interests, and members of the Planning Commission and Town Council to guide a new vision for the long-term growth and development of the community. This effort was in response to pending growth pressures, for which the community was not fully prepared. After some months and considerable community input, the Planning Commission recommended and the Town Council adopted the Town of New Castle Comprehensive Plan on May 27, 2009.
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from an individual perspective, rather it must look at how it will also benefit the
Initial projections show that the current schedule will take 50 weeks to finish with a final budget estimate of $3.152 million. Although the project estimate comes in under budget, the time frame for completion extends beyond the acceptable 45