When the Founding Fathers wrote the US Constitution implementing each of the Amendments, it was in hopes of truly making the United States “the land of the free and home of the brave”. This was for everyone including minorities. At the time of making the laws of America, the founding fathers never knew that the overwhelming issues of slavery and unequal rights would have overtaken the United States of America, even so much that it still exists today. Even leaders who also had hopes of seeing equality in America like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Advocates for Women’s Rights to vote risked their lives in hopes of taking America from a one minded country to a fair minded country.
From 1888 to 1908, the Jim Crow laws denied African Americans the right to vote through things like the literacy test, property, poll taxes, and the grandfather clause. This would stay this way in the south until the 1950s and 1960s. One of the battle grounds for Civil Rights Movement was the march from Selma to Montgomery lead by Martin Luther King Jr. and many other activists for equal human rights. This came with some of the most publicized actions, the police officer in Selma who would not let four African Americans register to vote, Martin Luther King Jr. being arrested and thrown into jail, and Jimmy Jackson being shot because he was protecting his mother from getting beaten. The march helped put forth the action of President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act of
Johnson. He was instrumental in getting black voting rights passed in the United States by putting forth the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He “considered the Voting Rights Act his greatest legislative achievement” (Califano, Selma Flaw). LBJ was crucial to getting voting rights that were of utmost importance to blacks at the time. Another key figure in Selma was obviously Martin Luther King, Jr. He was integral in the push for black rights, leading many different non-violent protests in order to secure rights for all blacks. Before the events in Selma, King led the blacks on the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was successful in removing the segregated bus lines. MLK was crucial in acquiring black rights, but in Selma he was crucial to rallying the people and leading them. Another key figure was the youngest of the major civil rights leaders of that time. This was John Lewis, who was the chairman of the unsuccessful SNCC group in Selma. He was one of the few spearheading the march to Montgomery. He was seen being beaten, which was reported in the news, causing the black rights movement to get
Before the movement pushed the passing of this act, African Americans were stopped from voting through literacy tests or impossible tests, such as reciting the entire constitution (Voting 1). Voting officials also told African Americans that they got the wrong time and or date to deter them making their voice heard through votes. Strongly affecting the creation of this legislation, Martin Luther King led the Selma to Montgomery March (Civil 5). In addition, the march brought a lot of publicity to the issues because of the violent and horrifying response of the police force to the march, who attacked protesters with tear gas, nightsticks and whips when protesters refused to turn back (Voting
In 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led a march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. The focus of his efforts was to register black voters in the South. Protesters attempting to march from Selma to the state capital were met with violent resistance by authorities. The violence forced President Johnson to introduce a federal voting-rights bill. Johnson introduced the bill in a speech to Congress, and using the language of Civil Rights singers saying, "We shall overcome." This was a legal decision that would shape public education from that time on.
In the race of the presidency of 1964, Johnson was chosen in a victory and used this to push for legislation he believed would help the American way of life, to gain more voting-rights laws. After the Civil War, which happened between the years 1861 through 1865, the 15th amendment, was changed in the 1870, which prevented states from denying a man citizen the right to vote based on race, color or any conditional origin, if he wasn't white. But years passed on, some discriminatory reasons were used to prohibit African Americans, especially from the South, from their right to vote. During the Civil rights movement of the years 1950s and 1960s, the voting rights activists in the South were put through forms of poor treatment and violence. One very significant event that happened on March 7th, 1965 when participants very peaceful in a voting rights march from Selma, Alabama, to the state capital in Montgomery were met up by Alabama troopers who attacked them with weapons. Some of the people were beaten up and some ran from their lives. In that tragedy incident, Johnson called for inclusive voting rights legislation. In a speech of session of Congress in
In 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed. This act officially stop discrimination and combined all people of all races in the South. Also, it created many problems because southern started to have judgement on the act, which made it very hard for blacks to be able to register to vote. In 1965, an Alabama city became the location where the fight for freedom to vote took place. Martin Luther King Jr. and his supporters had a march across Selma to Montgomery. The march resulted into having President Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which gave the rights to vote to vote no matter what the state or people said or do.
The U.S. Constitution was a set of fundamental laws and certain rights that each American citizen was meant to live by. The Constitution was signed by delegates during the Constitutional convention in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. The constitution was created because many belived that the current governing document (The Articles of Confederation) were weak and allowed the states to operate like independent countries. At the Constitutional convention, the delegates created a plan for a stronger federal government that included three branches–executive, legislative and judicial. They also included the system of checks and balances to ensure no single branch would have too much power. The Bill of Rights–10 amendments guaranteed basic individual
The Bill of Rights is easily one of the most important sections within constitution, and this is because of the way that it protects the citizens of the United States from the government. One of the items therein the Bill of Rights is the 4th Amendment which states that, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” Broken down, this one sentence gives the people the right to be secure and not be violated by the government when it comes to their property, papers and effects. This keeps them from being searched or having items seized without a warrant. This warrant that can be created has to be specific about the places that are going to be searched and the items that will be seized. This article will be divided into multiple sections that overall encompass the meaning of, how it came to be, and why it is important. The importance of this specific amendment is absolutely endless, and without it, our country would not be in the place that it is today.
“Under modern Supreme Court jurisprudence, the right to petition, along with the right to peaceable assembly have been almost completely collapsed into Freedom of Speech.” (www.heritage.com). The U.S. Constitution was written as a new set of rules for the nation in place of the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution consists of three parts known as the Preamble, the 7 articles, and the 27 amendments. Of these amendments, the first ten are referred to as the Bill of Rights. “The Bill of Rights sets limitations on the government.” (www.constitutioncenter.org). Our five most important rights are Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition, and Religion which are all provided by the First Amendment. To understand Freedom of
The United States Constitution is a document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed, sets limits on what the government can and cannot do, as well as defines the natural rights, liberties, and freedoms of American citizens. It is arguably, the most important document ever crafted in American history and the one document that affects every single citizen within the United States every single day. It is thanks to this document that the United States citizens can enjoy the freedoms that they hold today, which are outlined in the bill of rights, as well as ensuring the citizens a fair form of government through a system of checks and balances, which guarantees that the government cannot bare qualities of tyranny, corruption, and ineptitude. For example, natural rights such as the freedom of speech, which is the first amendment in the bill of rights of the constitution, ensures that the citizens of a government have a voice in government policy and procedures by allowing them to participate in political discussion, to voice their opinions through debate, and to express their content or discontent with a government official or policy, as well as laying the foundation for all other freedoms and rights. The Constitution also prevents the government from becoming too powerful or tyrannical through the separation of powers, as well as places limitations on the powers of the government through provisions such as the Establishment
The Bill of Rights lists certain freedoms and liberties that are guaranteed to the people of the United States of America. Because these rights are in the Constitution, they are federal laws that apply to everyone in America. To ensure there was no question as to who the Bill of Rights applied to, the Fourteenth Amendment was passed in 1868 giving anyone born in, or a citizen of, the United States the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. The amendment left clauses giving some interpretation to the states and other local municipalities. The District of Columbia used one of these clauses to ban all handguns within city limits. The District of Columbia’s ban of handguns was a discrepancy in which the citizens of the city were not able to rightfully exercise their Second Amendment right to bear arms. After the law was looked at by the Supreme Court in DC vs. Heller, the court ruled the law was unconstitutional and citizens living in the District of Columbia were being unjustly denied their constitutional rights. After hearing the Supreme Court’s decision in DC vs. Heller, a 76 year old Chicago resident named Otis McDonald looked to remove a City of Chicago ban on handguns which was similar to that in the District of Columbia. Joined by three other Chicago residents, Adam Orlov, and Colleen and David Lawson, McDonald and his colleges filed a suit against the citywide ban of handguns, and eventually became know as McDonald vs. City of Chicago.
It is nearly impossible to comprehend the overwhelming changes the United States has endured over the past 200 years, spanning from 1787 when the Constitution was created, all the way up until today. In the present, new issues arise that would have been unpredictable to the three dozen or so men who attended the Constitutional Convention over two centuries ago. Now in 2014, America is confronted with a myriad of complex issues that the Founding Fathers would never have been able to perceive or address appropriately. Issues of racial and gender inequality, minority rights, due process, the equal protection clause, and countless other problems that plague America today would have been unpredictable when Constitution was written. The
The United States Bill of Rights was created in September 25, 1789 and ratified December 15, 1791. The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments to the Constitution that were established to defend our rights as individuals and as American citizens. The Bill of Rights describes the rights of its people. The first four articles of the amendments deal specifically with the balance of power between the federal government and state government.
The “Move to Amend” organization has put forth a proposed twenty-eighth amendment, that if ratified to the U.S. Constitution would take the constitutional rights away from all artificial entities such as corporations, and limit all campaign expenditures including the candidate 's own contributions and expenditures. The Supreme Court has ruled on multiple occasions that according to the fourteenth amendment corporations are individuals that have constitutional rights. If corporations have the same rights as individuals, then under the first amendment they have the right to spend their money on political campaigns as they choose. I am against both parts of this proposed twenty-eighth amendment, the Supreme Court has already set precedence and I believe that the addition of this amendment would directly contradict the first amendment since political speech is at the core of the first amendment. If you set limits on campaign expenditures, you are limiting someone’s ability to effectively campaign and get their message out. If a corporation chooses to spend large sums of money on political advertising then that is their choice, most people don’t want to be told how they can spend their money and neither do corporations.
Here in America, people have the right to protest and speak their views granted by the first Amendment in their Constitution. Reading or watching the news lately, there are a lot of protests happening. People are gathering and protesting so many different things all over the world right now and America is no different. However, what the media shows in America are arrests of protestors by security and police, both of which attack them at times, using pepper spray and other brutal methods. How is this behavior allowed? Pauline Maier sums up what the issue at hand is, “The affection with which Americans regard the three “founding documents” of the United States has not been constant over time.” (Maier pg3). American protestors are at times fighting for equal rights as equal citizens. While many others are asking for justice due to corruption in Wall Street, Banks, and American Government; however, the people who don’t hold affection for the first Amendment have been shown in the media as an increasingly violent force against those who support it. Should people be allowed to protest regardless of their cause, and without any execution of force unless provoked? I believe they should have this right and be guaranteed safety in acting on it. With these ideas in mind, America’s first Amendment is being contradicted by US government authority and private authority figures because these same people have enacted numerous assaults on people using their first amendment rights.
When a government that is created for the people, violates the rights of the people, its value will diminish and the core principles that uphold the State will decay leading to the downfall of the State. This is precisely the reason why I choose to affirm this resolution. Mass surveillance is a direct violation of the basic rights the United States of America was built upon. The core values, principles, beliefs, and morals that make the United States a democracy will be directly dismissed if mass surveillance is considered a justified method of governmental intelligence gathering. Mass surveillance does not only metaphorically rip apart the entire U.S. Constitution, but it would lead to the political demise of the United States of America. Privacy is considered of the basic Lockean rights which include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Although, one important thing to note is that some forms of mass surveillance such as shop cameras or street cameras, may be justified, anything more is a direct breaching of rights. If the government cannot uphold these basic human rights, these basic rights of the people, how can it even serve as a public aid? If the government wants to gather intelligence from its people in order to protect the people, is it really protecting the people if the basic rights of the people are thrown away in the process? If this is true, then it must mean that the protection(the government) has turned in to the danger(the government). It is basic