The Relationship Between Morphine And Codeine

Although there was legitimate cause for President Jackson to believe that the Second Bank of the United States only served the interests of the wealthy in expense of the common people, I agree that Jackson’s actions hurt the United States economically and socially during this time period. I say this because Jackson’s actions to veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank led directly to Panic of 1837, which resulted in both a social and economic hardship for many citizens as profits, prices, and even wages decreased with a tremendous increase in unemployment rates.

Codeine or methyl morphine, an alkaloid, was first isolated in 1832 from raw opium. It concentration ranges from 0.2% to 0.8%. Mostly used for its analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal capabilities (Tremlett, Anderson and Wolf, 2010). Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen (n-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) on the other hand, is a useful non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is commonly

Both of my parents were born in Mexico. My mom grew up in Guadalajara Jalisco and my dad grew up in a little town called Cuquio, which is about an hour away from Guadalajara. Mexico is south of the United States, and Jalisco is on the West side of Mexico. Cuquio is an extremely small town that not a lot of people know about. Guadalajara in the other hand, is one of the most known places in Mexico. What makes Jalisco so unique is its beautiful places, its amazing food, and its well known language. One of the places I myself have been to is the Degollado theatre. This theater was constructed about two hundred years ago and is still used to this day. Many people visit this place just to see its beautiful interior. Food is also a very important

Opium came from opium poppy seeds, which were grown and sold under British ruling in India. The British East India Company developed a monopoly which took place in effectively growing opium and making profits and/or trading it with the Chinese in exchange for their premium good such as silk, porcelain, and tea. According to Memorials on the Legalization and Elimination of Opium by Xu Naiji and Yuan Yulin, they explained how the rise of opium prompted many debts and death around China. Opium became an addiction for many, from the poor to officials in government positions. Cutting off all access of trading opium would’ve started issues in the trading network, not just with Britain but with the Western countries as well. Instead of passing laws to completely ban opium, they reverted to only permitting the barbarian merchants to import opium to pay duty as a medication. This made it unacceptable for money to be involved with the product. According to Xu Naiji, smokers of opium were lazy, with no purpose in life and if they were caught smoking it, the only punishment was getting the opium confiscated. However, if any officer, scholar, or soldier were found smoking opium, the would be immediately dismissed from public employ. Yuan Yulin, a minister, believes that the expansion of opium is the government’s fault, being that they cannot decipher right from wrong; he thought it was unfair that prohibition of smoking opium only applied to the officers of the government, scholars, and military but not the common people. The British capitalized on the effects of opium, because many of China’s population were going to put forth their money, goods, etc. for

Opium, Morphine, and Heroin have been around for centuries. Currently they are all seen as nuisances to society, and are highly addictive, dirty drugs. But, in the late 19th century these pests were viewed in quiet a different light. They were praised for their healing powers, and even referred to as “GOM” or “Gods own medicine”. In the 19th century, the idea of a drug was fresh, and peoples’ appetites were ravenous. Deemed to be socially acceptable, they hit America fast, and would unknowingly cause an everlasting effect on our nation.

Opium was first introduced to China by Turkish and Arab traders in the late 6th or early 7th century. Taken orally to relieve tension and pain, the drug was used in limited quantities until the 17th century. At that point, the practice of smoking tobacco spread from North America to China, and opium smoking soon became popular throughout the country. Opium addiction increased, and opium importations grew rapidly during the first century of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). By 1729 it had become such a problem that the Yongzheng emperor “ruled 1722–35”prohibited the sale and smoking of opium. That failed to hamper the trade, and in 1796 the Jiaqing emperor outlawed opium importation and cultivation. In spite of such decrees, however, the opium trade continued to

When an expecting mother is exposed to codeine, it can cause her unborn child to experience a life threating withdrawal process after birth (7). Codeine is an opiate that is used as an analgesic and cough suppressant (1). It is a depressant, meaning it lowers neurotransmission levels causing messages between the brain and body to be slowed down. It can be used on its own or it can be combined with other drugs (1). It is found in opium but can be synthesized from morphine (3,5). When it is metabolized in the body, it becomes morphine once again (5). Jean-Pierre Robiquet first isolated codeine from opiate poppies in 1832 in France (3). He synthesized the codeine from opiate poppies for medical use (3). It is used in the medical field to provide relief of pain, dry cough, diarrhea, cold, and flu for patients (2).

Codeine is a narcotic, and this common opioid that has been administered for a long as we can remember. It is used for acute pain relief and could give a feeling of euphoria “a high” as well as a degree of sedation. With many prescription drugs, they carry some risk and they include side effects such as constipation and nausea and drowsiness (Canada, 2009) (Addiction.com, 2011).

Opiates and opioids are narcotic pain medications that are highly addictive and deadly. Although these two drugs are nearly identical, there is one major difference that sets them apart from each other; Opiates are drugs that are obtained through opium, while opioids are drugs that are created synthetically, and are used to parallel the effects and key characteristics of that of opium (George F. Koob, Michael A. Arends, & Michel Le Moal, 2014).

During the 18th century, the British began trading opium to the Chinese. They had finally found a commodity the Chinese were willing to buy. Opium was an illicit drug with addictive properties. As demand on opium increased, the British traders made huge profits and the trade imbalance was reversed. There was now a steady flow of silver leaving China. In 1796, the Ch’ing government banned the importation of opium. This did not stop the British, who continued the trade illegally. As well, extensive corruption amongst Chinese officials allowed the opium trade to flourish.

The poppy plant is indigenous to parts of Southeast Asia and the raw substance harvested from the flower of the poppy plant called opium. Opium had been commonly smoked for recreational use in Asia for at least 1000 years and was socially acceptable. About 200 years ago addiction became a problem in China and following World War II China strictly limited access to opium. After the restriction on opium, its usage decreased while at the same time, taking its place was the more refined heroin. The opium is crudely refined into the common pain reliever known as morphine. Morphine is then further refined the substance called heroin which was also smoked. Smoking heroin also known as “Chasing the dragon” and poor working class people were drawn to this to help them cope with the harsh realities of their wretched living conditions. Smoking opium required complicated and bulky equipment while heroin did not require such devices, and the limited access to needles, smoking heroin was the most common method at the time (Lam, 1997; PBS, 1998). Once a person is addicted to heroin it can cause them to want nothing but to find more heroin by whatever means possible (Heroin Facts,

Morphine produces both its therapeutic and its adverse effects by interaction with one or more classes of specific opioid receptors located throughout the body. Morphine acts as a full agonist, binding with and activating opioid receptors at sites in the periaqueductal and periventricular

"Presently she cast a drug into the wine of which they drank to lull all pain and anger and bring forgetfulness of every sorrow." -The Odyssey, Homer (Ninth century B.C.) Opium is one of the greatest discoveries in the field of medicine the world has ever come across. While its use dates to about 2100/3000 BC in Sumerian, the educated and controlled use of the drug started in 1800s with the isolation of Morphine by Serturner. He named it Morphine after the Greek God of dreams, Morpheus.

Opium- an addictive drug originally used as a painkiller. It is obtained from the unripe seeds of the opium poppy and can be made into substances that a person can smoke causing relaxation, alleviated anxiety, and a state of euphoria. Continued use of the drug also induces deterioration to the mind and body of a person eventually causing death. The substance was therefore stated illegal in China during the late 18th Century yet consistently smuggled into the country via British merchant ships. As the Chinese placed more restrictions on trade in an effort to abolish the importation of opium, the battle against the drug raged on until war was unavoidable between England and China. It is this war that lasted from 1839-1842

Morphine was the first alkaloid be identified from the opium poppy. There are a number of