The Pros And Cons Of Human Experimentation

Although animal experimentation has been around for centuries, the ethical revival of realization on the moral status of animals began in the 1970’s. This problem was a few among many that had been quietly hidden for years until the 1970’s.

The art of medicine and curing diseases was not always approached in a scientific way. In fact, many advances occurred between 1919 to 1939, after technological advances allowed scientists to apply the scientific method to medical research. At this time, the ethics of using patients as test subjects either for new medicines or as samples for further testing were not considered. An extreme example of this was the Nazi’s using concentration camp inmates – including children – to run painful and invasive experiments. More modern examples are not so easy to identify as unethical, however. While amputating a leg to develop methods to deal with fractures and war wounds is obviously unethical, harvesting cells to develop a vaccine is not so clear cut, as the disadvantage to the patient is hard to identify. Coming from the various Nazi testing and especially the Nuremberg testing and trials, another code of ethics was developed, called the Nuremberg Code.

Human experimentation has always been a topic of ethical controversy, recently the draw towards this practice has become increasingly more appealing; due to the expanding medical advancements and progress within the last decade. It is obvious why experimenting on humans is an attractive option, but how far can we push these experiments before it's considered criminal and inhumane? Many medical researchers push for the use of human experimentation because of the general good that these experiments may have on not only the medical community but also the general public. However, there are many ethical questions that need to be addressed before such experiment is conducted.

Many people are unaware of the vile human experiments the United States government has condoned. Innocent men and women, became victims of these experiments without their consent or knowledge. These people were soldiers, husbands, wives, mothers, and fathers, who were maltreated and even murdered. It is vital for not only citizens of the United States of America to be aware of how their government tortured its own citizens, but also people around the world from every country there is. Being aware and educated about the revolting history of any country can prevent the unethical governmental practices from ever occurring again. There are various human experiments dating back to the 1930’s that the US government conducted which led to the demise of innocent people, caused some of the specimens involved to become mentally impaired, and when the government 's nefarious acts became exposed higher authorities apologized.

Edward Jenner is well-known for his discoveries of immunizations for smallpox. It is known as the foundation of immunizations and his discoveries are awarded as the first immunization to ever be performed. Edward Jenner is considered a hero because he saved many, many people from a horrifying disease that had killed millions of people prior to his findings of the vaccine. But, not only was he a hero for saving people from small pox, but he set up a whole new world of vaccine and immunization opportunities. Though he is a hero, many people question whether the way he went about the investigation was ethical. Let's go back and make that decision for ourselves.

For years, scientists have experimented with animals to study how diseases and disabilities affect them. Take neurologist Thomas Gennarelli for example. Dr. Thomas Gennarelli used primates as test subjects. For a little bit over 15 years, he bashed primates to imitate head injuries in human beings. He believed the results of his experiments would be beneficial in the future on how we should treat head injuries. The team that worked for him recorded the data via videotapes. Unfortunately, as much as he tried, Thomas Gennarelli flopped and could not create duplicate head injuries. In 1984, participants of the Animal Liberation Front broke into the University of Pennsylvania’s Medical school and swindled the tapes that’s withheld the data from the experiments. They edited the tapes to show the most gruesome abuses of the primates and submitted it to People for Ethical Treatments of Animals. Peta then submitted it to Congress and the media. Participants of these experiments claimed they appease the primates with drugs, so they would feel not pain. The videotapes told a different story. Just before the hammer smashed their heads, the primates tried to escape. The researchers used foul language and performed unsanitary procedures upon the primates. They mocked and chuckled at attentive primates with broken arms. The National Institutes of Health analyzed the videotapes. Thomas Gennarelli was condemned of 9 charges such as unacceptable veterinary care and lack of guidance for the

Imagine the sheer terror of being the subject of a human experiment. Unknown substances are injected into your veins with the sharp prick of a needle. You are made horribly ill, all in the name of scientific progress that you may not even live to see. This is a fate far too many people in the world have endured. We often associate the malevolence of human experimentations with groups such as the Nazis, but America likes to act as if it would never compromise it’s citizens rights in the name of scientific progress. The United States looks at itself as a role model for other countries because its ethics and values seem so sound. However, this is only an idealization. Cases of unethical human experimentation in Holmesburg Prison,

The animal experimentation is very difficult issue with a lot of people feeling very strongly of it, we are use the animals for the experimentation in different way, one of most big problem is for test the cosmetics, the images of animals with things put in their eyes for so we are able to look a bit better make many people very angry. Is it necessary?

Animal testing is also known as animal experimentation is the act of testing drugs, chemicals, cosmetics and acid on animals such as; dogs, cats, rats, mice, ferrets, hamsters and monkeys for many purposes. Today I will be focusing on cosmetics. Cosmetic companies create makeup, lipstick, foundation, blush, highlighters etc. All of these products are tested on animals before use on humans and I believe that this is wrong and should be banned in all countries.

Dating back to 1965, seventy-five prisoners at Holmesburg prison in Pennsylvania were purposely exposed to a poisonous agent. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dioxin, a potentially harmful substance. Dermatologist Dr. Albert Kligman, exposed prisoners to a dosage 468 times greater than the required dosage for the experiment. All evidence has been destroyed; however, participants are still experiencing dermatologic issues. As a result of research and experiments like these conducted in prisons, the Department of Health,

Controversy is a disagreement that usually occurs when one or both sides has a strong disagreement towards another sides opinion. Common controversial topics can range from issues such as abortion to issues such as marriage equality; whichever the case, we encounter controversial discussions daily. One topic that I tend to encounter more so than others is the discussion regarding animal experimentation. I live as a vegetarian, a lifestyle I have been living for approximately 2 years, and due to this identity I tend to find myself surrounded by other friends who live the vegetarianism or veganism lifestyle. Most of our conversation topics revolve around animal rights and where people should “draw the line” so to speak, in our society. So, for

A lot of human success is due to vivisection, otherwise known as animal experimentation. Some experiments involve infecting animals with a deadly disease, poisoning them for testing toxicity levels, and subjecting them to other painful, and even life threatening experiments. There are new alternatives ways of testing without involving the lives of helpless animals, it is no longer necessary to test with these creatures. They do not provide scientists with completely accurate information. Although it is now deemed as cruel, in the past, animal testing was responsible for many cures.

The Nuremberg Doctors Trial of 1946 is the preeminent case recognizing the importance of medical ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain, suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of these trials, establishes ethical guidelines for human experimentation to ensure the rights of subjects in medical research. Herein, this writer will first identify and discuss ethical dilemmas presented in the Nuremberg case followed by three

When one researches about the medical ethics in human experimentation, it is difficult to disregard the harsh realities of it. As Leonard Nimoy stated in his role as Spock in the movie, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, “the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few”. This is the cruel truth that be seen everywhere, but many people tend to ignore it since it is such a dreary thought. Many people, especially those in third world countries, are exploited every day. Large corporate companies come to typically poorer foreign nations, where there is a large gap between the rich and poor, to find cheaper workers. Many people in these foreigners tend to be desperate for money and immediately sign up for these jobs. Typical corporations would hire these people and make them work in inhumane working conditions such as long hours, less pay, and give no sanitation facilities. Although this happens on an everyday basis, there are very few people out there who challenge the large corporations. This example can also apply to medical ethics, sometimes a small amount of people have to suffer through experiments to help the general public. Although this is a morbid thought, it has been used in the past. During the mid-twentieth century, many American scientist believe that experimenting on a few people and making them suffer would create results that would be very beneficial to the general public. Today, most modern developed countries don’t believe in this ideology, but there are

I am with the opposition side, so I am against human experimentation. Our research shows that human experimentation is indeed very bad. People have been injured, it has caused death, and it has led to lifelong damage.