The Problem Of Shrinking Diversity

American journalist Elizabeth Kolbert authored The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History in 2014. This is a non-fictional account of what Kolbert had named "the sixth extinction": an extinction event caused by humans similar to ones that destroyed earlier forms of life, like the dinosaurs and megafauna.

The scientific community applauds Elizabeth Kolbert for her recently published The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, as it exceeds scientific and literary standards. Elizabeth Kolbert, born in 1961, is a American journalist and author and has won more than ten awards since 2005. In fact, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History recently won her the Pulitzer prize for general nonfiction writing. For a scientific overview of her book, it discusses quite exactly what the title states. There have been five mass extinctions throughout the history of this earth, and the sixth is currently happening and being driven by humans. Kolbert discusses several different species that have become extinct or are on the brink of extinction. She includes history of mankind discovering the concept of extinction as they gradually began to wrap their brains around the idea in the early eighteen hundreds. Lastly, Kolbert masterfully describes her own experiences face to face. She

On May 10th in 1869, the transcontinental railroad was officially opened. The last railroad spike was driven into the ground with a hammer. This railroad traveled from California to Nebraska. When it was first completed, it stretched over 9,000 miles. Almost ten years later, it reached over 30,000 miles. This was a major step in improving the United States. The transcontinental railroad improved the United States because it boosted the economy, helped commerce grow and assisted in settlement by linking the East coast to the West coast together.

The articles “ Can Diversity Destroy Us?” and “A.D.2041: End of White America?” are written by Patrick J. Buchanan who is author and also the former assistant to the president for communications. These articles primarily talk about the idea of diversity in the Unites State and why Buchanan thought it could destroy America and why it is bad. On the other hand, in the article, “Model of America Ethnic Relation: a Historical Prospective”, Fredrickson discusses the ethnic between races and religions through out the American history. He has listed four models of ethnic relations. The first model he explains is ethnic hierarchy. The idea of this model is to deal with dominant group that claims to conceive themselves as a higher social class and claim

By following the understanding of extinctions up to the present day, Kolbert addresses that extinctions are not strictly catastrophic or uniformitarian. Rather, by citing the major and minor extinctions such as the disappearance of the great auk the End-Cretaceous extinction Kolbert proves that extinctions have a wide variety of causes. Finally, with the grim depiction past and present day extinctions, Kolbert moves on to discuss the title topic: The Sixth Extinction. The term Anthropocene refers to the height of human alteration of the planet earth, which is thought to have begun during the Industrial Revolution. As humans dramatically alter the earth and its ecosystems, it is predicted that humans will eventually cause the sixth extinction if the current environmental trends continue. A combination of accelerated climate change, overhunting, deforestation, and natural ecosystem patterns have begun wiping out entire species at alarming rates. Truly, Kolbert emphasizes that all of humanity’s understanding of extinction is pointing to a devastating mass-extinction which could eventually affect the same beings which catalyzed

he trouble with diversity: How we learned to identity and ignore inequality. The article “The trouble with diversity: How we learned to identity and ignore inequality”, was written by Walter Benn Michaels and published by NY times on Dec, 24,2006. The author argues that The Great Gatsby give us a vision of our society divided into races rather than into economic classes. The Trouble with Diversity argues that our enthusiastic celebration of "difference" masks our neglect of the difference that really matters—the one between rich and poor.

Did the Age of Jim Crow ever end? Americans see “race” as a defined, indubitable feature of nature. Racism- the act of ascribing bone deep features to people to then humiliate, reduce, and destroy them- inevitably follows from this inalterable condition. White supremacist ideals, for instance, espouse unfounded ideas that revere the white man and scorn those of color, while also serving as a nonsensical justification for practices such as slavery, racial segregation, and Jim Crow. In “The Trouble with Diversity”, Walter Benn Michaels dismisses the concept and veracity behind race, as if it weren’t a societal issue worth addressing. To ignore the reality of race would be the equivalent of ignoring the plight and shared experiences of minority groups. “The Trouble with Diversity” insinuates that “diversity” is incompatible with the society we live in; this does not mean that people of color should have to encounter racial prejudices, whether in subtle or discernible ways.

This new extinction event, the Sixth Extinction, is the subject of Elizabeth Kolbert's book,

Electronic prescription facilitates prescribing and dispensing of medicines According to the doctoral thesis of Hanna Kauppinen, MSc (Pharm), electronic prescription has facilitated prescribing and dispensing of medicines and promoted medication safety in Finland. However, the functionality of electronic prescription in the physicians’ electronic health information systems and in the pharmacy data systems needs further development. Electronic prescriptions have streamlined prescribing Most of the physicians considered electronic prescriptions technically easy to issue because of the better availability of patients’ information and the paperless procedure.

Diversity lately is leaving a negative impact to us. Everytime, diversity is brought up the following topics: race, gender, and religion.

Anthropocene is a time period where the “effects of the humans on the global environment have escalated” (Crutzen 23). The Earth is no longer in its natural state but is “moving into a less biologically diverse, less forested, much warmer, and probably wetter and stormier state” (Steffen 614).

The Glass Menagerie is known to many as a modern tragedy as well as a modern drama. A modern tragedy is when something tragic happens to not a person of nobility or the rich but to an average person. The Glass Menagerie is a perfect example of a modern tragedy because the Wingfield’s, an average family dreams are not fulfilled. The dreams that each of the family members has seems to come in conflict with one another’s dreams and this is what makes all of their dreams nearly impossible to accomplish.

Humanity is confronted by multiple environmental challenges which threaten to undermine the advances in health achieved over recent decades. The Rockefeller Foundation/Lancet Commission on Planetary Health showed how climate change, loss of biodiversity, land use change, ocean acidification and overfishing, nitrogen and phosphorus loading and environmental pollution more generally all have the potential to adversely affect health through a range of pathways1. A recent joint publication by WHO and Convention on Biological Diversity articulated the myriad connections between biodiversity and health and the threats to both posed by environmental change2. The dramatic changes in the global environment have led many scientists to conclude that we are living in a new geological epoch – the Anthropocene – in which the activities of one species – homo sapiens -have become the dominant driving force transforming the Earth’s natural systems3. These natural systems provide food, clean water and air and modulate the global temperature within limits in which humanity has been able to flourish for around 11,500 years during the preceding Holocene epoch.

The health of the earth degrades with the destructive activity of human beings. A recent study by a group of scientists looked at twenty four different services that the earth’s ecosystems provide for humans, ecosystem services, and found that fifteen of them are in need of desperate help (Gazette 31 March 2005). These services are vital to the survival of both human and nonhuman life and include filtering water and providing nutrient rich soils and ocean waters. Many of the members of these various ecosystems are also decreasing in numbers. In a British survey of bird populations found that in the 200 birds of Britain tracked there was about a 54% population decrease between the 1968-1971 tacking period and the 1988-1991 tacking period. In two other surveys of 254 native plant species from the same area there was a decrease of about 28% during the past 40 years. Humans are pushing the sixth mass extinction (Gazette March 19, 2004).

We live in a society where people come from different countries, they belong to different cultural, religion, ethnic groups, and races. All these factors come together and contributes to differences that make us unique from each other. Hence, a multicultural country with huge diversity. This reflection journal will cover what “human race” is and what role it plays in ones’ personal life and in a nursing profession. Moreover, what bias, assumptions and judgements are, and how to avoid them. Lastly, what caring is and what role does it play in nursing.