The principle of unconscianbility within Australian consumer law was applied most notably in the case of Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio. These judgments later played a role in determining the outcome of the Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd, whereby the High court considered the principles and outcomes from the first case in the latter. Unconscionable conduct is concerned with the abuse of a dominant position by one contracting party over a weaker contracting party. When determining if this principle of unconscionable conduct has occurred, three main principled must be assed: Wether or not the party claiming unconscionable conduct has a special disability This special disability was evident to the unconscionable party Unconscionable party has an onus to prove that they should still uphold the contract The concept of a special disability arose for consideration throughout the case of Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio. The party to the case were two elderly migrants who were unfamiliar with written english (footnote from case study). The migrants were the parents of Vincenzo Amadio (Vincenzo) who held a high corporate position within V. Amadio Builders Pty. Ltd. (The company). Vincenzo asked his parents to provide a security starting that the mortgage would be limited to $50,000 over a duration of sixth months which however to his best knowledge was not so limited. The principle of special disadvantage that applied to the respondents led to their
Disability is a definition of a physical or mental condition which impacts on a person’s movements, activities and senses. People with disabilities were informed of bias and disadvantages compared to an ordinary person. There are many biases and prejudices contributed to the discrimination of individuals with a disability. Partly because of social connotations the disabled people are useless, cannot work. In fact, these extraordinary people always bring and do incredible things. They not only overcome their grim fate, but also bring good things to life, especially those who are perfectly considering better than an ordinary person, they are not aware of the capacity of individuals disabilities with them characteristics such as loyalty, dedication, and hard work.
When running a business, the most common legal transactions you will be involved in is a business contract and despite what type of business a person runs, by having an understanding of contract law is a key to creating sound business agreement that will be enforceable legally incase a dispute arises (Find law).
The media article indicated that Coles was facing more than $4 million fines, as ACCC argued its behaviour of lying about bread freshness could constitute breach of consumer law (SMH 2015). As the total amount of fines could be considerable, along with a negative impact on reputation, Coles could have entered into financial distress. The reason I chose this article was that most Australian people shop in Coles every week, thus the case is closely related to our life which is worth talking about. Besides, the article covered issue of sales and non-compliance of law which often attract auditors’ attention. The event mentioned in the article posed a risk to auditors in terms of inherent risk. Inherent risk means an auditor fails to identify or correctly understand the business risks that could result in material misstatement (Clubb 2015b). It is apparent that Coles’ behaviour is a non-compliance of law, which is included in business risk (Clubb 2015b). Therefore, auditors need to better understand the event highlighted in the article to increase the possibility of uncovering material misstatement. Auditors are held accountable for the problem because the problem may relate to potential misstatement in financial statements. If an auditor fails to uncover the misstatement, it is likely that he or she will issue a false opinion. However, auditor should express a true and fair view to increase the confidence of the external
Studmaster Pty Ltd was a landlord that owned a shopping complex in Bourke Street, Melbourne. Mrs Tran operated the “Vietnamese Lunch Box” outlet in the food court. She had little ability to speak or read English, which the representatives for Studmaster knew about. Studmaster proposed a three year renewal of her lease at $48,000 per annum plus GST for the first year and CPI increments in the second and third years.
The case that has been selected is Miguel, sixty year old Mexican-American male. He is married with three adult children who reside outside the home. Miguel was laid off from his job of twenty years when the company relocated. Miguel a proud Mexican-American and prides himself that he provided a good home and education to his family. Miguel is quiet concerned that he is struggling to provide for his wife and his mother that came to live with them. Miguel never told his wife that that he did not save very much for retirement or for these situations.
Mr. Bubbenmoyer's work at the Melbourne store did not satisfy the three of the four elements of the administrative exemption. And these are the three reasons why we believe that lowers court decision is negligent and has to be reversed.
The consumer is never wrong. For billions of dollars is paid annually from consumers to sellers in the United States. That's because America practices a vibrant culture of consumerism. Hence, consumers take advantage of many purchase options available with competitive value and price range. However, frequently a product does not live up to expectation causing consumers to lose millions of dollars in investment. You don't have to take that lost. It is the rights of consumers to experience a viable product upon purchase from sellers. As stated by Findlaw refers to product liability as "manufacturer or seller being held for placing defective product into the hands of a consumer. It is your right to get what you paid for.
Although many states have investigated the effects of disqualify people with disabilities from jury service and made recommendations for law reforms in the area, apart from Western Australia, no state has taken active measures to implement the recommendations proposed. In Western Australia, people with disabilities are no longer automatically disqualified from jury service. The Western Australian courts have shown their willingness to allow people with disabilities to participate as juror by the recent case of Drisana Levitzke-Gray which captured the attention of many media outlets. The courts allowed Ms Levitzke-Gray, with the assistance of an Auslan interpreter to participate in the jury selection process. Although Ms Levitzke-Gray was not ultimately empanelled as part of the final jury, her experience is the first of its kind in Australia and has shown the courts willingness to provide accommodations to people who are capable for performing their democratic duties.
Australia is bound by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and optional protocol, but not bound by the recommendation in Noble v Australia. John is likely to be discriminated on the basis of his cognitive impairment by being subject to a judicial procedure that ‘[focusses] on [his] mental capacity to stand trial’ without any avenue to plead not guilty. In spite of MHA’s objective of various modes of communication, no adequate support was provided to John to exercise his rights to a fair trial in his reduced verbal state, including facilitation of sign language.
In a summary judgment case, a person with a qualifying disability is the first step, along with the threshold step for plaintiffs in making the prima facie case of discrimination requisite. There are two elements of the plaintiff’s prima facie case (in the absence of direct evidence of discrimination) are that the plaintiff was qualified for the position, with or without accommodations, and that the plaintiff experienced the adverse action as a result of disability . It is also, found that the elements of the prima facie case may be more difficult to dismiss on motions for summary judgment, as they likely involve disputed claims about the facts.
Since the early 1990s, Australian judicial system has experienced a great flux revolving around the notion of good faith in the performance the enforcement of contracts. The leading case Renard Construction (ME) Pty Ltd v Minister for Public Works (Renard) along with Preistly JA’s judgment commenced the controversial introduction of universal obligation of good faith in all contracts. Such introduction was also confronted by the opposing force of the more conservative judgments, such as those of Meagher JA in Renard and Gummow J in Service Station Association v Berg Bennett & Associates Pty Ltd . In order to correctly assess the extent to which the High Court of Australia should recognize that in all contracts, parties
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is an independent Commonwealth statutory authority whose role is to enforce the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (ACCC, 2015). The ACCC promotes competition as it increases the prosperity and welfare of consumers and it also promotes fair trading and regulating national infrastructure for the benefit of all Australians. As the ACCC is there to benefit Australian consumers, they will take action to any business that breaches what they enforce which includes anything to improve consumer welfare, protect competition or stop conduct that is anti-competitive or harmful to consumers.
Disability Discrimination Act (2005) identifies the disability regulation keeping in mind just the sort of practical problems that some barricades present, unlike other legislation it makes a productive duty on managers and specialist organizations to make 'sensible alteration' to their strategies and premises where sensible and
There was a major change for Australian Consumer Law. Within this paper, the differences on the old and the new system will be discussed further.
This essay will analyse the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (‘CRA 2015’) as it is a significant element of the government’s reform of consumer law in the UK. The Act has been lauded as an immense upheaval of consumer law due to the integration of eight existing pieces of legislation into one. The complicated regulations regarding goods and services that consumers and businesses struggle to comprehend will no longer apply under the Act.