The Partition Of India And India

There was a high food shortage in 1946 and this caused many to ration. World War II left a deep wound in India as two and a half million Indian soldiers were sent to aid the allies and 24,000 killed. Many were unemployed as they lost their jobs after the war since there was no need for war production. Gandhi’s party, Indian national congress, created in 1885 seemed it would be the power that ruled after Britain left. This changed, however, as the All Muslim league became popular during World War II. Muslims were a minority compared to the Hindus. The Partition of 1947 created Pakistan, where the Muslims would live, and India, where the Hindus would live.

In 1939 World War II broke out in Europe. Britain proclaimed India’s involvement in the war without consulting the Indian people. This led to increased protest and volatility. In 1942 India established a national army and proposed the Quit India Movement. This movement promised to lend Indian military support to Britain in return for complete independence. If they refused this treaty the Indian people promised civil disobedience. In 1947 India was granted its independence and became self governing (Luscombe, 2012). On January 26, 1950 the Republic of India was proclaimed and it drafted a constitution. The first democratic elections were held in 1952. However the Hindus and Muslims were not united and colonial India was divided into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India (History, 2010).

Many people believe that in the 1940’s most of India’s problems involving independence was to do with divisions within India rather than British imperialism. In this essay I will be looking at both points of view and finally giving my opinion. I will be using three sources also to help me show both sides of the story. I will also be using my further knowledge to add a wider range of knowledge.

This essay will focus on the decolonisation of India by the British Empire and the problems they encountered. It will also aim to bring recognition to the struggle decolonisation brought upon the world after World War II. Pierce states that “after the War concluded, a worldwide process of decolonisation commenced in which Britain granted independence to all of its major colonies, beginning notably in India” (Pierce, 2009). India had struggled with uprisings and conflicts for the many years of British occupation but when Gandhi began sharing his social efforts; the perceptions of colonialism began to change leading to the collapse of the British colonial Empire. Gandhi began changing the lives of regular Indian’s with his popular visions, he also advocated for the people of India in a non-violent

The effects of imperialism are both positive and negative. The positive effects are banning inhumane traditional practices such as sati and the dowry system, promoting widow remarriage and prohibiting child marriage. The negative effects are that Britain caused the traditional industries to crash. Also, poverty increased. British officials were paid out of the India treasury.

Indians were becoming politically active in the late 1800s. During this period, they founded institutions that would help end colonial rule. In 1885, Indian modernists formed the Indian National Congress to reform Hindu and Muslim practices that did not match up to their liberal ideals and to change British Indian policies that were opposed to democratic ideals. However, many internal issues within the Indian culture were obstacles to independence. Most notably are the differences in language groups. Despite these problems, a nationalist movement took root within the country that ultimately led to the creation of India and Pakistan in 1947. There were three principles to this movement that helped the movement succeed.

The negative and positive effects of imperialism brought highs and lows. Some of the lows were old indian industries, the stop of economic development, the growth of poverty, and unemployment on a vast scale which was caused by the destruction of the industry and some of the positives were better machinery and the growth of trade.. Some old indian industries included shipbuilding, metalwork, glass, paper, and crafts were broken up into pieces. Because of the old indian industries being torn down, the economic development of India stopped and the growth of a new industry was prevented. The new industry was to be better and more efficient when compared to the old Indian industries.

The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country referred to as Imperialism originated in the eighteenth century. The countries Africa, India and China were just some of the multiple victims of Imperialism during this time. Focusing in on India, the British attacked India using social causes which took over the aspects of their culture. England’s desire to spread Christianity assisted in the prohibition of an act which showed widow’s devotion to their husbands called the Sati. More specifically, the Sati is the tradition of a woman burning herself to death on the funeral pyre of her husband.

In this essay I hope to look at the issues of conflict in South Asia focusing on India and in particular the continuing Hindu-Muslim tensions, and look at possible reasons for the continuing conflict which appears to have escalated since the withdrawal of British Rule from India. Multiple events had shaped the Indian subcontinent with

Imperialism in India had many positive effects and negative effects. India was introduced to more technology and ways of communication. It also lead to an increase of population and regular living. But, it also lead to India being dependent on Britain and lead to famine. There were many positive effects from this.

The Partition of India in August, 1947 was a significant event in history that accounted for the separation of one of the world’s oldest civilization into two, independent nations – Pakistan and India. Like many other wars in history, The Partition of India was instigated by religious, political and social conflict. This resulted in violence, discrimination and the largest human displacement in contemporary history. While the Partition was well-studied, much of our understanding was focused on the political side of history, not the human side of it. This was why oral history played an important role in manifesting the complexity of a historical event. Our focus here is Maya Rani’s testimony from Butalia’s book, The Other Side of Silence:

The Causes of Indian Independence in 1947 In 1947 India was declared an independent country from Britain, after years of peaceful and violent protests, pressure from all sides, and numerous promises. Not only this, but Pakistan was also formed by partitioning the country into two, providing a separate homeland for the Muslims of India. Although independence was greeting with relief from all, partition came with riots, millions of murders and a hatred between countries that has not healed up even by today. The word "inevitable" in the essay title implies something which was almost 'destined' to happen from the beginning, and the course of action could not be averted under any circumstances.

Before the Partition of India, in 1947, India was considered a country with a reasonably peaceful history. However, during and after the Partition, sexual violence, both towards men and women, escalated, resulting in the rape and abduction of over 80,000 women. Cracking India, by Bapsi Sidhwa, tells a story that highlights these violent acts by both Muslims and Hindus, through the eyes of a disabled young Parsi girl named Lenny, who witnesses first hand the violence of Partition when she mistakenly participates in the abduction of her ayah, Shanta. Throughout Cracking India, Lenny observes as the religions involved in Partition become increasingly violent towards both men and women, within their own religions and against others.

The british ruled over India for over two centuries, introducing systems, ideas, and practices into the indian culture. In 1935, The Government of India Act was the most recent time India had been governed, and the government had a fair amount of responsibility. The already existing social order influenced the nationalist movement, and the leaders being chosen. India developed a federal government, with three legislative lists of power. The constitution of India is federal but also includes a strong central government, with power over the union. The central government has power over the states even though they are supposed to be autonomous. The new constitution of india separates itself greatly from its british ruled past, just not necessarily politically. For example, new fundamental rights were provided in this constitution for the first time, however the idea of suffrage was also introduced by this constitution. There was much social and economic reform that took place due to them trying to break away from their british past. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dtKe6XV8z7wC&oi=fnd&pg=PR10&dq=independence+of+india&ots=DEXY6BHkwP&sig=nzxK29rpFpr8eRL1ZogYXZbMNz0#v=onepage&q=independence%20of%20india&f=false

Gandhi was really concerned about the increasing divisions between the Hindu and Muslim's. He tried as much he could to prevent the partition between the Hindu and Muslim's. However the amount of success he had been trough this was very different and he did not achieve what he wanted. He was very disappointed about the separation between the Hindu and Muslim's. To prevent the