The Open Boat

With the use of imagery, the reader is able to envision a coherent picture of a world reflected in the pond water. When the author mentions, “A flag wags like a fishhook down there in the sky”, she is comparing a flag to a fishhook, a sharp rigid object that lodges in a fish's mouth, perhaps seemingly the same fish she is seeing in the pond water. A flag is something harmless when hung in the sky, but with her perspective of the world in the reflection of the water she is viewing this flag as a harmful fishhook that hurts the fish. Additionally, she goes on to state, “The arched stone bridge is an eye, with underlid in the water”, thus with this statement she is illustrating the bridge has a capacity of viewing the world with the use of personification, metaphor. This also symbolizes that since the theme is about perception, the bridge is the eye that witnesses everything going on in the

"The Boat" by Alistair MacLeod is the story told from the perspective of university teacher looking back on his life. The narrator relates the first memories of his life until his father's death. The story focuses on the conflicting relation between the mother and the father, and their different perspectives on how their children should lead their lives. MacLeod uses features of setting to present the tension between tradition and freedom.

The good news was that there was wind, so the boat with wheels will go along. So they started imagining that they were in the ocean. There was

Stephen Crane’s ideas varied from those of Twain and Ambrose as shown in his short story, “The Open Boat.” In the story, the crewmates of a diminutive boat are caught in a storm. This is clearly more depressing than the stories of the other two authors cited but it also sanctions nature to play a substantial role. In naturalism, nature often acts as a force that humanity cannot control. The storm represents Crane’s belief in

John Steinbeck uses imagery to represent characters, in nature, to foreshadow coming events. The river, the water-snake, the sunset and the heron. The water-snake – temptation and downfall, the heron – one being tempted, the river – journey/cyclic, sunset- end of something, start of a new beginning.

Although there is no land in sight and their supplies are limited, the crew tries to stay positive. Throughout the story, the men are repeatedly offering words of encouragement, trying to reassure each other and keep their minds at ease. Some of the men boast that they are glad that they have an “on shore wind,” and jokingly question what kind of pie the others like. At one point, the captain is described as “soothing his children,” offering them some words of encouragement by saying, “we’ll get ashore all right” (Crane 197). These words help the others remain positive, as the author explains, “But there was that in his tone which made them think, so the oiler quoth: ‘Yes! If this wind holds!’ ” (Crane 197). We can sense that they know the gravity of the situation by the captain’s tone, but they continue to reassure each other. Not only do they mentally support one another, but physically as well. Throughout the experience, they share the burdens and the task of rowing, keeping the boat from capsizing, and staying on the watch at night. The oiler and the correspondent take turns rowing until one loses the ability to continue on, at which point they ask the other, “Will you spell me for a little while” (Crane 206). When the night grows cold, they use one another to keep warm, lying in the bottom of the boat in what is described as a “grotesque rendering of the old babes in the woods” (Crane 207). When people suffer together it creates a bond that makes them stronger, with this rationale often used in the armed forces during boot camp, where the team is forced through challenges and experiences that allow them to become a more effective team. The author describes this precisely by

Symbolism allows writers to suggest their ideas within a piece of literature. This is found in most types of writing. Stephen Crane expresses this in his short story, The Open Boat. Through symbolism and allegory, it is demonstrated that humans live in a universe that is unconcerned with them. The characters in the story come face to face with this indifference and are nearly overcome by Nature’s lack of concern. This is established in the opening scenes, the “seven mad gods” and in the realization of the dying soldier. The descriptions that Crane uses in the opening scenes illustrate nature’s lack of concern for their tragedy. He discusses the waves in the ocean that continually roll and crest. The waves are problems or

In George Orwell's "A Hanging", Orwell tells a story about capital punishment, which makes people stop to re-think whether the death sentence is right or wrong. The narrator of "A Hanging" is conflicted throughout the essay; he watches as the dog cheerfully jumps around the Hindu prisoner trying to lick his face, which shows that the dog feels as though it is safe even around the 'deadly' prisoner. The narrator also watches as this prisoner, who was being sent to death, avoids a puddle. This meant that the prisoner had a fully functional mind, and according to the narrator, they were killing a perfectly functional brain. As the Hindu man was about to be hanged, he cried out calmly and with rhythm, which disturbed many who witnessed the death

They are so consumed with their struggle against the waves they do not even have the time to notice something as simple as the color of the sky. From the very beginning the reader is filled with the suspense that each individual character feels. Despite the crews struggle with Mother Nature, they are continually struck by the fierce waves. With each passing wave the reader is lead to believe that this one will surely be the one that capsizes the little dingy. “As the salty wall of water approached, it shut all else from the view of the men in the boat, and was not difficult to imagine that this particular wave was the final outburst of the ocean (256).” Crane creates suspense between the reader and the characters that allow both to feel the relentlessness of nature’s indifference of their struggled attempts to survive. It seems that no matter how hard the crew works to keep the dingy from capsizing “… the waves continued their old impetuous swooping at the dingy, and the little craft, no longer underway struggled woundily over them (259).” The narrator describes the waves as acting carefree and rather impulsive as if they had no obligation to the men for their survival. Nature does not care that this crew of men were working to survive, but nor does it mean to cause the men any harm. The waves are merely there, doing as nature intends the waves

In “The Open Boat,” Crane illustrates aspects in the universe as hostile towards humans. First, Crane illustrates the animosity of the rapid waves that surround and engulf the small dinghy that the men struggle to stay on. : “The waves were most wrongfully and barbarously abrupt and tall”, “nervously anxious to do something in the way of swamping boats”, “save

This can be seen in his use of wording for each side. When describing the sea, Crane uses strong images, which can be seen in the text: “As the boat bounced from the top of each wave, the wind tore through the hair of the hatless men, and as the craft plopped her stern down again the spray slashed past them” (Crane 2). When describing the land, adjectives are used to differently to depict safety and serenity: “Slowly and beautifully the land loomed out of the sea” (Crane 5)

In Stephen Crane’s The Open Boat, the context of the dinghy and the four surviving people in it shows the struggle of human nature as well as the need for hope that is a concept often created from dangerous, and more often than not, desperate situations. The captain, the cook, the correspondent, and the oiler, are embodiments of Crane’s fiction about the human psyche. The sea, which is treacherous, as well as the islands which the characters believe can save them from death from drowning, is a vision of the reality that is suspended in point of view and is an abstraction of the reflection of Crane’s perspective of perception, metaphysics, and the extraordinary experience. Crane’s point in doing this kind of style in The Open Boat is to confront the fear of death by facing it, as described in the interpretation of its non-human nature.

1.1 Background Respiratory diseases are the fourth leading cause of mortality in the world, [1] while asthma and COPD are among the most common chronic respiratory diseases, which are known as the top 20 causes of global disability. About 3.7 percent of the UAE population suffers from COPD, and according to the WHO, 235 million people suffer from asthma. According to WHO, COPD is defined as lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. COPD is not simply a "smoker's cough" but an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung disease, in other hand asthma is characterized as inflammation of the air passages that results in a temporary narrowing of the airways which carries oxygen to the lungs. Both COPD and Asthma are resulting from interactions between environmental exposures and genetic predispositions.

Please define Naturalism and list at least two of its traits. Using one of the texts assigned, show how the text illustrates the traits listed.

Within a letter written to a friend Stephen Crane once wrote “ I always want to be unmistakeable”. (Greenfield 564) Crane wanted his short stories and poems to be read and understood by all men. Despite criticism Crane enjoyed writing, and later wrote to another friend “ my chiefest desire was to write plainly and unmistakeably so that all men (and some women) might read and understand” (Greenfield 562) Crane was a modern writer “He rejected both the theism and humanism of the nineteenth century”. (Canfield 391) Although Crane was not concerned with style or literary art, he became well known for his use of imagery. Crane became a notable success and was befriended and admired by some of the most important literary figures of his time,